Table 1

Group	Root diameter / mm	Stem diameter / mm	Height / cm	Root length / cm
CK	0.358 ± 0.0303b	0.537 ± 0.026b	19.05 ± 0.533c	6.933 ± 0.416b
N	0.373 ± 0.0191b	0.358 ± 0.0251c	15.347 ± 0.357d	5.263 ± 0.254c
W	0.384 ± 0.0188ab	0.664 ± 0.0204a	23.023 ± 0.337a	8.287 ± 0.247a
WN	0.460 ± 0.0238a	0.639 ± 0.0154a	21.57 ± 0.264b	7.89 ± 0.235ab

Table 1: Effects of nitrogen addition, warming, and their interactions on growth parameters of S. alopecuroides seedlings groups

Means followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different at P < 0.05 level, mean ± SE. Note: CK: control (25 / 18 °C), W: warming (28 / 21 °C), N: nitrogen addition (12.5 mmol/L), and WN: interaction of warming and nitrogen addition (28 / 21 °C+12.5 mmol/L)

Table 2

group	Root Biomass / g	Stem Biomass / g	Leaf Biomass / g	Leaf Area / cm^²	Number of Leaves
CK	0.0078±0.0005b	0.0771±0.0207b	0.0185±0.0014b	7.63±0.273b	1.2993±0.1040b
N	0.0168±0.0020b	0.0491±0.0055b	0.0346±0.0046a	6.63±0.242c	0.9369±0.0566c
W	0.0279±0.0017a	0.1657±0.0076a	0.0315±0.0018a	9.00±0.267a	2.2415±0.1038a
WN	0.0352±0.0070a	0.1481±0.0043a	0.0289±0.0015a	8.50±0.196a	2.0716±0.0860a

Table 2: Biomass accumulation of S. alopecuroides seedlings under nitrogen and warming treatments (mean ± SE).

Means followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different at P < 0.05 level, mean ± SE. Note: CK: control (25 / 18 °C), W: warming (28 / 21 °C), N: nitrogen addition (12.5 mmol/L), and WN: interaction of warming and nitrogen addition (28 / 21 °C+12.5 mmol/L)

Tables at a glance

Table 1

Table 2

Figures at a glance

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

FIGURE 1

Figure 1: Depicts the experimental layout. S. alopecuroides were cultivated in MS nutrient solution for cotyledon shedding. Throughout the growth period, various treatments were applied, including a control, warming, nitrogen addition, and the interaction of warming and nitrogen addition.

FIGURE 2

Figure 2: Impacts of nitrogen application, warming, and their interaction on the germination of S. alopecuroides. A: Germination index, B: Germination rate, C: Germination force

FIGURE 3

Figure 3: Effects of nitrogen and warming treatments on biomass allocation in S. alopecuroides seedlings. A: Root biomass ratio, B: Stem biomass ratio, C: Leaf biomass ratio, D: Root-to-shoot ratio

FIGURE 4

Figure 4: Effects of nitrogen and warming treatment on physicochemical indices of S. alopecuroides seedlings. A: MDA, B: Soluble sugar content, C: Protein content, D: chlorophyll content

FIGURE 5

Figure 5: Effects of nitrogen and warming treatments on enzyme activities of S. alopecuroides seedlings. NR: Nitrate Reductase, SOD: Superoxide Dismutase, A: NR, B: SOD