Figure 1 Reasons for missing medications by respondents
Characteristics |
Frequency |
Percentage |
Age (years) |
||
<25 |
28 |
9.9 |
25-34 |
137 |
48.6 |
35-44 |
86 |
30.5 |
45-54 |
22 |
7.8 |
>55 |
9 |
3.2 |
Mean ±SD |
33.6 ±8.5 |
|
Marital Status |
||
Single |
84 |
29.8 |
Married |
138 |
48.9 |
Divorced/separated |
26 |
9.2 |
Widowed |
34 |
12.1 |
Level of education |
||
None |
14 |
5.0 |
Primary |
49 |
17.4 |
Secondary |
112 |
39.7 |
Tertiary |
107 |
39.7 |
Employment status |
||
Employed |
214 |
75.9 |
Unemployed |
68 |
24.1 |
Average Monthly income |
||
≥ N 19,000 ($118.75) |
217 |
77.0 |
> N 19,000 ($118.75) |
65 |
23.0 |
Table 1: The Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants (n=282)
Variable |
Frequency |
Percentage |
Number of children |
||
None |
83 |
29.4 |
1-3 |
150 |
53.2 |
4-6 |
38 |
13.5 |
>6 |
11 |
3.9 |
Spousal status |
||
Positive |
52 |
18.4 |
Negative |
230 |
81.6 |
Household size |
||
≤5 |
214 |
75.9 |
>5 |
68 |
24.1 |
Living arrangement |
||
Alone |
42 |
14.9 |
With others |
240 |
85.1 |
Disclosed HIV status |
||
Yes |
261 |
92.6 |
No |
21 |
7.4 |
Perceived social support |
||
Present |
198 |
70.2 |
Absent |
84 |
29.8 |
Belongs to a Support group |
||
Yes |
48 |
17.0 |
No |
234 |
83.0 |
Table 2: Family characteristics of study participants including support (n=282)
Variable |
Frequency |
Percentage |
Treatment duration (months) |
||
<24 |
135 |
47.9 |
≥ 24 |
147 |
52.1 |
Median duration on Treatment |
24(IQR 24 - 44.8) |
|
Number of pills per day |
||
≤2 |
195 |
69.1 |
>2 |
87 |
30.9 |
Side effects |
||
Yes |
129 |
45.7 |
No |
153 |
54.3 |
Herbal remedies |
||
Yes |
93 |
33.0 |
No |
189 |
67.0 |
Perceived health status Rating |
||
Good |
265 |
94.0 |
Fair/poor |
17 |
6.0 |
Paid for ART services |
||
Yes |
26 |
9.2 |
No |
256 |
90.8 |
Transportation cost to Health facility |
||
< N 1000($ 6.25) |
204 |
72.3 |
≥ N 1000($ 6.25) |
78 |
27.7 |
Table 3: Medication/treatment variables including treatment experiences (n=282)
Table 4: Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants by their ART adherence pattern
Characteristics |
Good Adherence (N=168) |
Poor Adherence
|
Significance |
Age (years) |
|||
≤35 |
98(59.4) |
67(40.6) |
p= 0.94 |
>35 |
70(59.8) |
47(40.2) |
ᵡ2= 0.01 |
Marital status |
|||
Married |
85(59.0) |
59(41.0) |
p= 0.85 |
Not married |
83(60.1) |
55(39.9) |
ᵡ2= 0.04 |
Level of Education |
|||
< Secondary |
34(54.0) |
29(46.0) |
p=0.30 |
≥Secondary |
134(61.2) |
85(38.8) |
ᵡ2= 1.06 |
Children Number |
|||
≤ 5 |
162(61.1) |
103(38.9) |
p=0.04 |
>5 |
6(35.3) |
11(64.7) |
ᵡ2= 4.43 |
Spousal status |
|||
Positive |
34(65.4) |
18(34.6) |
p=0.34 |
Negative |
134(58.3) |
96(41.7) |
ᵡ2= 1.35 |
Household size |
|||
≤ 5 |
130(60.7) |
84(39.3) |
p=0.48 |
>5 |
38(55.9) |
30(44.1) |
ᵡ2= 0.51 |
Living arrangement |
|||
Alone |
15(35.7) |
27(64.3) |
p= 0.50 |
With others |
99(41.3) |
141(58.8) |
ᵡ2=0.46 |
Occupation |
|||
Employed |
85(39.7) |
129(60.3) |
p= 0.67 |
Not employed |
29(42.6) |
39(57.4) |
ᵡ2=0.18 |
Average monthly income |
|||
≤ N19,000 |
129(59.4) |
88(40.6) |
p=0.94 |
>N19,000 |
39(60.0) |
26(40.0) |
ᵡ2=0.01 |
Perceived social support |
|||
Yes |
124(62.6) |
74(37.4) |
p=0.11 |
No |
44(52.4) |
40(47.6) |
ᵡ2=2.57 |
Disclosed status |
|||
Yes |
103(39.5) |
158(60.5) |
p=0.25 |
No |
11(52.4) |
10(47.6) |
ᵡ2=1.35 |
Characteristics |
Good Adherence (N=168) |
Poor Adherence
|
Significance |
Treatment duration |
|||
< 24 |
78(57.8) |
57(42.2) |
p= 0.85 |
≥ 24 |
90(61.2) |
57(38.8) |
ᵡ2= 0.04 |
Number of pills/day |
|||
≤ 2 |
112(57.4) |
83(42.6) |
p=0.27 |
>2 |
56(64.4) |
31(35.6) |
ᵡ2= 1.20 |
Side effects |
|||
No |
85(65.9) |
44(34.11) |
p=0.04 |
Yes |
83(54.2) |
70(45.8) |
ᵡ2= 3.94 |
Used Herbal remedies |
|||
No |
119(63.0) |
70(37.0) |
p=0.98 |
Yes |
49(52.7) |
44(47.3) |
ᵡ2= 2.73 |
Paid for ART services |
|||
No |
158(61.7) |
98(38.3) |
p= 0.02 |
Yes |
10(38.5) |
16(61.5) |
ᵡ2=5.30 |
Transport cost |
|||
<N1000 154(56.0) 166(49.6) 0.113 |
114(55.9) |
90(44.1) |
p=0.04 |
≥N1000 154(56.0) 166(49.6) 0.113 |
54(69.2) |
24(30.8) |
ᵡ2=4.18 |
Perceived Health status |
|||
Fair/ poor |
6(35.3) |
11(64.7) |
p=0.03 |
Good |
162(61.1) |
103(38.9) |
ᵡ2=4.45 |
Belongs to HIV support group |
|||
Yes |
27(56.3) |
21(43.8) |
p=0.61 |
No |
141(60.3) |
93(39.7) |
ᵡ2 = 0.27 |
Table 5:Distribution of Medical profile/ treatment experiences of the study participants by their ART adherence pattern (n=282)
Independent Variable |
Odds ratio |
95% confidence interval |
p- value |
Number of children |
|||
≤ 5 |
2.22 |
1.21- 4.09 |
0.01 |
>5 |
1 |
||
Paid for ART services |
|||
No |
2.30 |
1.02- 5.10 |
0.04 |
Yes |
1 |
||
Pill number |
|||
>2 pills/day |
0.62 |
0.41-0.94 |
0.02 |
≤ 2pills /day |
1 |
||
Description of perceived health status |
|||
Good |
2.45 |
1.90-5.03 |
0.015 |
Fair/poor |
1 |
||
Encountered side effects |
|||
Yes |
0.77 |
0.55-1.08 |
0.13 |
No |
1 |
||
Transportation costs |
|||
≥ N 1000 ($ 6.25) |
2.0 |
1.16-2.72 |
0.008 |
<N 1000($ 6.25) |
1 |
Table 6:Binary logistic regression analysis of predictors for good adherence
Figure 1 Reasons for missing medications by respondents