Characteristics

Frequency
N=282

Percentage

Age (years)

<25

28

9.9

25-34

137

48.6

35-44

86

30.5

45-54

22

7.8

>55

9

3.2

Mean ±SD

33.6 ±8.5

Marital Status

Single

84

29.8

Married

138

48.9

Divorced/separated

26

9.2

Widowed

34

12.1

Level of education

None

14

5.0

Primary

49

17.4

Secondary

112

39.7

Tertiary

107

39.7

Employment status

Employed

214

75.9

Unemployed

68

24.1

Average Monthly income

≥ N 19,000 ($118.75)

217

77.0

> N 19,000 ($118.75)

65

23.0

Table 1: The Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants (n=282)

Variable

Frequency
(N=282)

Percentage

Number of children

None

83

29.4

1-3

150

53.2

4-6

38

13.5

>6

11

3.9

Spousal status

Positive

52

18.4

Negative

230

81.6

Household size

≤5

214

75.9

>5

68

24.1

Living arrangement

Alone

42

14.9

With others

240

85.1

Disclosed HIV status

Yes

261

92.6

No

21

7.4

Perceived social support

Present

198

70.2

Absent

84

29.8

Belongs to a Support group

Yes

48

17.0

No

234

83.0

Table 2: Family characteristics of study participants including support (n=282)

Variable

Frequency
N=282

Percentage

Treatment duration (months)

<24

135

47.9

≥ 24

147

52.1

Median duration on Treatment

24(IQR 24 - 44.8)

Number of pills per day

≤2

195

69.1

>2

87

30.9

Side effects

Yes

129

45.7

No

153

54.3

Herbal remedies

Yes

93

33.0

No

189

67.0

Perceived health status Rating

Good

265

94.0

Fair/poor

17

6.0

Paid for ART services

Yes

26

9.2

No

256

90.8

Transportation cost to Health facility

< N 1000($ 6.25)

204

72.3

≥ N 1000($ 6.25)

78

27.7

Table 3: Medication/treatment variables including treatment experiences (n=282)

Table 4: Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants by their ART adherence pattern

Characteristics

Good Adherence (N=168)
Frequency (%)

Poor Adherence
(N=114)
Frequency (%)

Significance

Age (years)

≤35

98(59.4)

67(40.6)

p= 0.94

>35

70(59.8)

47(40.2)

ᵡ2= 0.01

Marital status

Married

85(59.0)

59(41.0)

p= 0.85

Not married

83(60.1)

55(39.9)

ᵡ2= 0.04

Level of Education

< Secondary

34(54.0)

29(46.0)

p=0.30

≥Secondary

134(61.2)

85(38.8)

ᵡ2= 1.06

Children Number

≤ 5

162(61.1)

103(38.9)

p=0.04

>5

6(35.3)

11(64.7)

ᵡ2= 4.43

Spousal status

Positive

34(65.4)

18(34.6)

p=0.34

Negative

134(58.3)

96(41.7)

ᵡ2= 1.35

Household size

≤ 5

130(60.7)

84(39.3)

p=0.48

>5

38(55.9)

30(44.1)

ᵡ2= 0.51

Living arrangement

Alone

15(35.7)

27(64.3)

p= 0.50

With others

99(41.3)

141(58.8)

ᵡ2=0.46

Occupation

Employed

85(39.7)

129(60.3)

p= 0.67

Not employed

29(42.6)

39(57.4)

ᵡ2=0.18

Average monthly income

≤ N19,000

129(59.4)

88(40.6)

p=0.94

>N19,000

39(60.0)

26(40.0)

ᵡ2=0.01

Perceived social support

Yes

124(62.6)

74(37.4)

p=0.11

No

44(52.4)

40(47.6)

ᵡ2=2.57

Disclosed status

Yes

103(39.5)

158(60.5)

p=0.25

No

11(52.4)

10(47.6)

ᵡ2=1.35

Characteristics

Good Adherence (N=168)
Frequency (%)

Poor Adherence
(N=114)
Frequency (%)

Significance

Treatment duration

< 24

78(57.8)

57(42.2)

p= 0.85

≥ 24

90(61.2)

57(38.8)

ᵡ2= 0.04

Number of pills/day

≤ 2

112(57.4)

83(42.6)

p=0.27

>2

56(64.4)

31(35.6)

ᵡ2= 1.20

Side effects

No

85(65.9)

44(34.11)

p=0.04

Yes

83(54.2)

70(45.8)

ᵡ2= 3.94

Used Herbal remedies

No

119(63.0)

70(37.0)

p=0.98

Yes

49(52.7)

44(47.3)

ᵡ2= 2.73

Paid for ART services

No

158(61.7)

98(38.3)

p= 0.02

Yes

10(38.5)

16(61.5)

ᵡ2=5.30

Transport cost

<N1000 154(56.0) 166(49.6) 0.113
>N 1000

114(55.9)

90(44.1)

p=0.04

≥N1000 154(56.0) 166(49.6) 0.113
>N 1000

54(69.2)

24(30.8)

ᵡ2=4.18

Perceived Health status

Fair/ poor

6(35.3)

11(64.7)

p=0.03

Good

162(61.1)

103(38.9)

ᵡ2=4.45

Belongs to HIV support group

Yes

27(56.3)

21(43.8)

p=0.61

No

141(60.3)

93(39.7)

ᵡ2 = 0.27

Table 5:Distribution of Medical profile/ treatment experiences of the study participants by their ART adherence pattern (n=282)

Independent Variable

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

p- value

Number of children

≤ 5

2.22

1.21- 4.09

0.01

>5

1

Paid for ART services

No

2.30

1.02- 5.10

0.04

Yes

1

Pill number

>2 pills/day

0.62

0.41-0.94

0.02

≤ 2pills /day

1

Description of perceived health status

Good

2.45

1.90-5.03

0.015

Fair/poor

1

Encountered side effects

Yes

0.77

0.55-1.08

0.13

No

1

Transportation costs

≥ N 1000 ($ 6.25)

2.0

1.16-2.72

0.008

<N 1000($ 6.25)

1

Table 6:Binary logistic regression analysis of predictors for good adherence

Figure 1 Reasons for missing medications by respondents