Types of Childhood Trauma Endorsed

H+Alc+Tr
(n = 21)

H+Tr
(n =19)

Lost home in natural disaster

0

1

Life threatening accident, injury, illness

1

2

Forced sexual intercourse

9

4

Forced sexual touching

7

6

Physical abuse by parent/guardian

3

9

Physical abuse by boyfriend/girlfriend

2

1

Physical abuse by someone else

5

1

Physically assaulted or mugged

4

3

Emotional abuse by parent/guardian

6

9

Threatened with weapon/shot at (no injury)

2

0

Injured with weapon or shot at

0

0

Chased by someone where thought could get hurt

7

1

Car crash where someone was killed/badly injured

1

0

Demographic Variables

H+Alc+Tr % or Mean±
SD

H+Alc % or Mean±SD

H+Tr % or Mean±SD

HComp
% or Mean±
SD

p value

n =

21

19

19

25

BACKGROUND DEMOGRAPHICS

Sex (% Men)

42.9%

78.9%

73.7%

60.0%

n.s.

Ethnicity(% Non-Caucasian)

85.7%

84.2%

42.1%

60.0%

.008 [Alc+Tr=Alc>Tr]

Age

56.6±5.1

56.9±5.4

54.4±5.8

56.8±7.9

n.s.

Education (years)

13.0 ± 2.1

13.0 ± 2.3

14.4 ± 1.5

13.4 ± 2.5

n.s.

Lifetime History of Drug Abuse (%)

66.7%

78.9%

47.4%

48.0%

n.s.

Hepatitis C (%)

47.4%

46.7%

5.3%

34.8%

.02 [Alc+Tr=Alc=Comp>Tr]

Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) Score*

13.5 ± 8.3; 11

8.2 ± 7.9; 4

10.6 ± 6.6; 10

7.4 ± 7.3; 6

n.s.

Dementia Rating Scale-2 Total Scorea

134.7 ± 4.4

135.5 ± 3.6

136.6 ± 5.4

137.4 ± 3.8

n.s.

Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (premorbid IQ)a

84.6 ± 17.9

90.3 ± 16.9

98.8 ± 15.5

92.5 ± 19.3

n.s.

TRAUMA-RELATED DEMOGRAPHICS

Trauma Age of Onset

10.8 ± 4.5

--

8.5 ± 5.0

--

n.s.

Physically/Sexually/Emotionally Abused (%)

66.7%

--

89.5%

--

n.s.

PTSD Diagnosis (%)

23.8%

--

5.3%

--

n.s.

ALCOHOLISM-RELATED DEMOGRAPHICS

Alcoholism Age of Onset

26.8 ± 13.1

20.4 ± 5.0

--

--

n.s.

Alcohol Sobriety (months)

12.1 ± 39.3; 0.2

25.2 ± 37.0; 0.2

--

--

n.s.

Lifetime Alcohol Consumption (kg)*

1177 ± 1165;  727

1050 ± 692;  1012

78 ± 64;  71

68 ± 80;  40

<.001 [Alc+Tr=Alc>Tr=Comp]

HIV-RELATED DEMOGRAPHICS

HIV Approx. Age of Onset

36.2 ± 5.4

34.4 ± 9.2

33.7 ± 10.9

37.5 ± 8.5

n.s.

Length of time with HIV (years)

20.4 ± 4.7

22.5 ± 6.9

20.7 ± 8.3

19.3 ± 7.1

n.s.

Log Viral Load

1.8 ± 0.9

2.0 ± 0.9

1.4 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 1.0

n.s.

CD4 Count*

602 ± 317; 492

727 ± 367;  591

773 ± 315; 798

679 ± 279; 637

n.s.

AIDS Status (%)

71.5%

73.7%

38.9%

64.0%

n.s.

HAART Medications (%)

85.7%

94.7%

94.7%

96.0%

n.s.

  *Mean ± SD; median
acontrolling for age and education

DOMAIN
Cognitive
Test
[description]

Raw Score
Z-score^b

H+AlcH+Tr
Adj. Mean
(SE)
Adj. Mean (SE)

H+Alc
Adj. Mean
(SE)
Adj. Mean (SE)

H+Tr
Adj. Mean
(SE)
Adj. Mean
(SE)

HComp
Adj. Mean
(SE)
Adj. Mean
(SE)

Tr X Alc
p value

Tr Main EffectAlc Main Effect
p value

INFORMATION PROCESSING SPEED
Trails A
[completion time in seconds]

Raw Score

33.43
(3.52)

43.45
(3.71)

39.90
(3.84)

34.42
(3.21)

.03

.53
.73

Z-score

 0.143
(0.329)

-0.792
(0.346)

-0.461
(0.358)

 0.051
(0.299)

Stroop Word Reading
[number of words read]

Raw Score

90.27
(3.41)

79.89
(3.78)

80.57
(3.79)

89.16
(3.10)

.009

.80
.95

Z-score

0.092
(0.192)

-0.492
(0.212)

-0.454
(0.213)

0.029
(0.174)

Stroop Color Naming
 (number of colors named)

Raw Score

64.49
(2.37)

61.30
(2.63)

60.70
(2.63)

68.44
(2.16)

.03

.36
.50

Z-score

-0.250
(0.172)

-0.481
(0.191)

-0.525
(0.191)

0.038
(0.157)

Digit Symbol
[number of boxes completed]

Raw Score

40.73
(2.54)

41.51
(2.69)

40.82
(2.77)

44.98
(2.27)

.51

.34
.50

Z-score

-0.332
(0.214)

-0.266
(0.226)

-0.325
(0.232)

0.025
(0.190)

EPISODIC MEMORY
WMS-R Logical Memory I
[number of correct story elements recalled]

Raw Score

16.31
(1.62)

21.25
(1.73)

15.74
(1.82)

22.67
(1.43)

.55

.001
.80

Z-score

-0.628
(0.161)

-0.136
(0.172)

-0.685
(0.182)

0.006
(0.142)

WMS-R Logical Memory II
[number of correct story elements recalled]

Raw Score

11.74
(1.78)

16.93
(1.91)

11.14
(2.01)

19.08
(1.57)

.45

.001
.68

Z-score

-0.720
(0.176)

-0.208
(0.188)

-0.779
(0.198)

0.004
(0.155)

Rey-Osterrieth Figure–Immediate Recall
[% figure elements recalled adj. for copy score]

Raw Score

41.05
(3.79)

46.17
(3.99)

40.79
(4.13)

51.40
(3.45)

.48

.04
.53

Z-score

-0.438
(0.168)

-0.210
(0.177)

-0.449
(0.183)

0.021
(0.153)

Rey-Osterrieth Figure–Delayed Recall
[% figure elements recalled adj. for copy score]

Raw Score

41.71
(4.05)

46.40
(4.26)

39.72
(4.41)

46.29
(3.69)

.82

.18
.80

Z-score

-0.203
(0.188)

0.015
(0.198)

-0.296
(0.205)

0.010
(0.172)

DOMAIN
Cognitive Test
[description]

Raw Score
Z-score^b

H+Alc+Tr
Adj. Mean
(SE)
Adj. Mean
(SE)

H+Alc
Adj. Mean
(SE)
Adj. Mean
(SE)

H+Tr
Adj. Mean
(SE)
Adj. Mean
(SE)

HComp
Adj. Mean
(SE)
Adj. Mean
(SE)

Tr X Alc
p value

Tr Main Effect
Alc Main Effect
p value

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
Trails B
[completion time in seconds]

Raw Score

98.77
(10.97)

137.75
(12.21)

113.72
(11.90)

95.02
(10.17)

.01

.37
.24

Z-score

-0.079
(0.239)

-0.930
(0.266)

-0.406
(0.260)

 0.002
(0.222)

Stroop Color-Word (Interference condition)
[number of colors named]

Raw Score

32.61
(2.20)

36.28
(2.44)

33.72
(2.45)

37.46
(2.01)

.99

.11
.62

Z-score

-0.378
(0.183)

-0.073
(0.203)

-0.286
(0.203)

0.025
(0.167)

Controlled Oral Word Association Test
[total number of words for F, A, S, combined]

Raw Score

41.60
(2.69)

40.14
(2.84)

36.71
(2.94)

36.49
(2.46)

.82

.76
.13

Z-score

0.384
(0.196)

0.278
(0.206)

0.029
(0.213)

0.012
(0.178)

FINE MOTOR SKILLS
Fine Finger Movement–dominant hand
[number of turns of the dowel]

Raw Score

70.88
(3.40)

71.68
(3.70)

67.54
(3.49)

72.64
(2.93)

.53

.39
.73

Z-score

-0.031
( 0.179)

0.012
(-0.195)

-0.207
(0.184)

0.062
(0.155)

Fine Finger Movement–non-dominant hand
[number of turns of the dowel]

Raw Score

67.24
(3.41)

70.69
(3.71)

60.76
(3.50)

72.26
(2.94)

.24

.03
.48

Z-score

     -0.194
(0.179)

-0.013
(0.194)

-0.533
(0.184)

0.069
(0.154)

Alternated Finger Tapping–dominant hand
 [number of key presses]

Raw Score

57.31
(2.29)

62.84
(2.50)

53.55
(2.43)

56.98
(2.04)

.65

.06
.04

Z-score

0.078
(0.207)

0.577
(0.226)

-0.261
(0.219)

0.048
(0.184)

Alternated Finger Tapping–non-dominant hand
 [number of key presses]

Raw Score

57.08
(2.14)

55.60
(2.33)

54.62
(2.27)

55.80
(1.90)

.54

.95
.61

Z-score

0.159
(0.209)

0.015
(0.228)

-0.080
(0.221)

0.035
(0.186)

Alternated Finger Tapping – alternating hands
[number of key presses]

Raw Score

64.97
(3.54)

61.16
(3.87)

58.35
(3.76)

63.77
(3.15)

.20

.82
.58

Z-score

0.110
(0.195)

-0.100
(0.213)

-0.255
(0.207)

0.044
(0.174)