Models

Equations

Remarks

M1

Empty model

M2, M3, M4

Taking into account individual factors

M5

Taking into account contextual factors

Variables and modalities

Numbers
N (%)

Stigma against PLHIV

P

Yes
n (%)

No
n (%)

Age groups (in years)

   12 - 24

8 705 (36.8)

7 864 (90.3)

841 (9.7)

< 0.001

   25 - 34

7 270 (30.7)

6 368 (87.6)

901 (12.4)

   35+

7 698 (32.5)

6 842 (88.9)

856 (11.1)

Sex

   Female

16 571 (70.0)

15 274 (92.2)

1 298 (7.8)

< 0.001

   Male

7 102 (30.0)

5 800 (81.7)

1 301 (18.3)

Marital status

  Living in a relationship

17 814 (75.8)

15982 (89.7)

1 832 (10.3)

< 0.001

  Single

5 859 (24.7)

5 092 (86.9)

767 (13.1)

Residence

   Rural

17 102 (72.2)

15 686 (91.7)

1 416 (8.3)

< 0.001

   Urban

6 571 (27.8)

5 388 (82.0)

1 183 (18.0)

Religion

   Christian

7 014 (29.6)

5 930 (84.6)

1 083 (15.4)

< 0.001

   Muslim

14 581 (61.6)

13267 (91.0)

1 315 (9.0)

  Other religions

2,078 (8.8)

1 877 (90.3)

201 (9.7)

Education level

   Illiterate

16 609 (70.2)

15 349 (92.4)

1 260 (7.6)

< 0.001

   Primary

3 646 (15.4)

3 147 (86.3)

498 (13.7)

   Secondary and above

3 418 (14.4)

2 577 (75.4)

841 (24.6)

Knowledge level on HIV/AIDS

   None

2 169 (9.2)

2 099 (96.8)

70 (3.2)

< 0.001

   Low

11 602 (49.0)

10 743 (92.6)

859 (7.4)

   High

9 902 (41.8)

8 228 (83.1)

1 674 (16.9)

Media exposure

   Often

18 748 (79.2)

16 386 (87.4)

2 362 (12.6)

< 0.001

   Never

4 925 (20.8)

4 688 (95.2)

238 (4.8)

Having already made the voluntary testing of HIV

   No

17 028 (71.9)

15 533 (91.2)

1 496 (8.8)

< 0.001

   Yes

6 645 (28.1)

5 541 (83.4)

1 103 (16.6)

Occupation

   Unemployed

4 596 (19.4)

4 028 (87.6)

568 (12.4)

< 0.001

   Informal activities

16 512 (69.8)

14 932 (90.4)

1 580 (9.6)

   Formal activities

2 565 (10.8)

2 114 (82.4)

451 (17.6)

Household wealth 

   Not poor

15 140 (64.0)

13 246 (87.5)

1 894 (12.5)

< 0.001

   Poor

8 533 (36.0)

7 828 (91.7)

705 (8.3)

Co-infections

Number

Frequency in co-infected population
(n=2055)

Frequency in blood donor
population

HIV-HBV

943

45.9%

0.2%

HBV-HCV

660

32.1%

0.16%

HIV-HCV

288

14%

0.07%

HIV-T.
pallidum

75

3.6%

0.02%

HBV-T.
pallidum

55

2.7%

0.014%

HCV-T.
pallidum

34

1.7%

0.009%