Figure 1: Gait path and foot scan machine (a), Ten-foot areas (b)
Groups |
|||
|
Healthy |
Diabetic |
Diabetic foot ulcers |
N |
30 |
30 |
30 |
Age (year) |
46.23 ± 2.29 |
45.53 ± 1.30 |
43.46 ± 2.27 |
Mass (kg) |
76.03 ± 6.58 |
78.93 ± 4.74 |
75.10 ± 6.33 |
Height (cm) |
170.50 ± 2.58 |
173.10 ± 1.49 |
171.73 ± 1.94 |
BMI |
26.16 ± 2.34 |
26.34 ± 1.58 |
25.47 ± 2.22 |
Gender |
Male |
Male |
Male |
Range of age |
42-52 |
42-48 |
38-48 |
Gait speed (m/s) |
1.45 ± 0.14 * |
1.21 ± 0.06 * |
1.07 ± 0.04 * |
Table 1: Demographic characteristics of healthy and deaf Males
Therefore |
Variable |
Healthy (n=30) |
Diabetic (n=30) |
DFU (n=30) |
P-Value Interaction |
Vertical components of the earth's reaction force |
Frequency with power of 99.5% |
9.60 ± 0.45 |
8.33 ± 0.50 |
6.40 ± 0.27 |
0.000 * |
Essential number of harmonics |
20.40 ± 0.98 |
22.53 ± 1.23 |
20.56 ± 0.87 |
0.281 |
|
Medium frequency |
2.26 ± 0.09 |
2.20 ± 0.07 |
2.13 ± 0.06 |
0.490 |
|
Frequency Band width |
1.26 ± 0.95 |
1.13± 0.06 |
1.13 ± 0.06 |
0.356 |
|
toe |
Frequency with power of 99.5% |
8.90 ± 1.03 |
8.53 ± 0.80 |
15.96 ± 1.35 |
0.000 * |
Essential number of harmonics |
15.26 ± 0.92 |
18.76 ± 1.17 |
22.40 ± 0.97 |
0.000 * |
|
Medium frequency |
2.80 ± 0.13 |
2.20 ± 0.07 |
2.26 ± 0.08 |
0.000 * |
|
Frequency Band width |
1.43 ± 0.14 |
1.20 ± 0.07 |
1.26 ± 0.08 |
0.266 |
|
Toes 2 to 5 feet |
Frequency with power of 99.5% |
8.13 ± 0.72 |
7.90 ± 0.71 |
12.43 ± 0.89 |
0.000 * |
Essential number of harmonics |
16.23 ± 1.02 |
19.86 ± 1.18 |
21.16 ± 0.87 |
0.003 * |
|
Medium frequency |
2.83 ± 0.13 |
2.20 ± 0.07 |
2.30 ± 0.09 |
0.000 * |
|
Frequency Band width |
1.53 ± 0.14 |
1.20 ± 0.07 |
1.26 ± 0.08 |
0.073 |
Table 2: Die Dimensions
Therefore |
Variable |
Healthy (n=30) |
Diabetic (n=30) |
DFU (n=30) |
P-Value Interaction |
||||
The first plantar bone |
Frequency with power of 99.5% |
5.50 ± 0.23 |
7.80 ± 0.70 |
9.90 ± 0.42 |
0.000 * |
||||
Essential number of harmonics |
18.06± 1.19 |
19.93 ±1.18 |
20.96 ±0.95 |
0.184 |
|||||
Medium frequency |
3.13 ± 0.09 |
2.20 ± 0.07 |
2.50 ± 0.10 |
0.000 * |
|||||
Frequency Band width |
1.53 ± 0.14 |
1.13 ± 0.06 |
1.46 ± 0.10 |
0.029 * |
|||||
The second plantar bone |
Frequency with power of 99.5% |
6.63 ± 0.49 |
5.73 ± 0.29 |
10.00 ± 0.37 |
0.000 * |
||||
Essential number of harmonics |
17.63 ± 1.00 |
18.46 ± 1.21 |
22.00 ± 1.00 |
0.012 * |
|||||
Medium frequency |
2.86 ± 0.11 |
2.20 ± 0.07 |
2.26 ± 0.08 |
0.000 * |
|||||
Frequency Band width |
1.40 ± 0.13 |
1.20 ± 0.07 |
1.26 ± 0.08 |
0.356 |
|||||
Third |
Frequency with power of 99.5% |
5.43 ± 0.26 |
5.20 ± 0.26 |
9.53 ± 0.37 |
0.000 * |
||||
Essential number of harmonics |
16.83 ± 0.84 |
18.26 ± 0.72 |
21.13 ± 0.94 |
0.002 |
|||||
Medium frequency |
2.93 ± 0.11 |
2.23 ± 0.07 |
2.30 ± 0.09 |
0.000 * |
|||||
Frequency Band width |
1.43 ± 0.14 |
1.20 ± 0.07 |
1.30 ± 0.09 |
0.314 |
|||||
the fourth plantar bone |
Frequency with power of 99.5% |
6.06 ± 0.31 |
6.00 ± 0.29 |
8.73 ± 0.40 |
0.000 * |
||||
Essential number of harmonics |
17.13 ± 0.62 |
19.36 ± 0.94 |
20.60 ± 7.84 |
0.010 * |
|||||
Medium frequency |
3.06 ± 0.10 |
2.20 ± 0.07 |
2.33 ± 0.09 |
0.000 * |
|||||
Frequency Band width |
1.53 ± 0.14 |
1.16 ± 0.06 |
1.30 ± 0.09 |
0.065 |
|||||
the fifth |
F Frequency with power of 99.5% |
8.20 ± 0.48 |
7.23 ± 0.44 |
9.20 ± 0.49 |
0.016 * |
||||
Essential number of harmonics |
18.93 ± 0.88 |
19.53 ± 1.00 |
20.50 ±0.94 |
0.501 |
|||||
Medium frequency |
2.76 ± 0.12 |
2.23 ± 0.07 |
2.36 ± 0.10 |
0.001 * |
|||||
Frequency Band width |
1.40 ± 0.13 |
1.20 ±0.07 |
1.33 ± 0.09 |
0.693 |
Table 3: Mean and standard deviation of the components of the frequency spectrum of the ground reaction force in the areas of the plantar bones.
Figure 1: Gait path and foot scan machine (a), Ten-foot areas (b)
Figure 2: The measured and simulated tensile stress-strain curves along the rolling direction (RD)
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance