Figure 1 Meanandrespective95%confidenceintervalsforplacentalweightaccording to fetal gender for each GA.

Figure 2 Mean and respective 95% confidence intervals, for the birth weight according to the fetal gender for each GA.

Legend: CI, confidence interval; g, grams; GA, gestational age; F, female; M, male.

Figure 3Placental weight percentile curves by gestational age, Nogueira R, et al., Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory.

Figure 4Birthweight percentile curves by gestational age, Nogueira R, et al. Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal PathologyLaboratory.

Figure 5Birth/placental weight ratio percentile curves by gestational age, Nogueira R, et al., Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory.

Figure 6Placental/birth weight ratio (PW-R) percentile curves by gestational age, Nogueira R, et al., Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory.

Figure 7Relation between placental measures.

Legend: g, grams; Diameter >, largest placental diameter; Diameter <, smallest placental diameter.

 

Valid (N)

Mean

SD

Median

Min

Max

MA (y)

1947

31.8

6.1

32.1

15.1

48.2

GA (w)

1951

27

9

26

12

41

PW (g)

1951

233.25

159.25

195.00

6.00

995

PD (cm)

1949

13.5

5.0

13.0

1.7

32.0

PT (cm)

1947

2.11

.70

2.00

.30

5.50

FW (g)

1951

1248.70

1153.93

766.00

5.40

4880

Table 1. Summary statistics for some important fetal, placental and maternal quantitative variables

Legend: SD, standard deviation; Min, minimum; Max, maximum; MA, maternal age; GA, gestational age; PW, placental weight; PD, placental diameter; PT, placental thickness; FW, fetal weight; y, years; w, weeks; g, grams; cm, centimeters.

 

 

N

Percent

Mother Parity

1

820

45.2%

 

2

595

32.8%

 

3+

400

22.0%

 

Total

1815

100.0%

Fetal Gender

F

818

47.7%

 

M

884

51.5%

 

A

13

.8%

 

Total

1715

100.0%

Placental Shape

Normal

1731

88.7%

 

Bilobed

113

5.8%

 

Circumvallate

104

5.3%

 

Membranacea

3

.2%

 

Total

1951

100,0%

Table 2. Summary statistics for some important fetal, placental and maternal qualitative variables

Legend: F, female; M, male; A, ambiguous.

Percentile

 

 

 

Placental weight (g)

GA

3rd

10th

50th

90th

97th

Number

Mean

SD

12

10

13

33

67.3

96

53

36.72

23.93

13

10

21

38

60

74

61

40.79

17.29

14

20.6

30

49.5

75

88

68

51.22

17.96

15

16

36

58

90

108

72

60.03

23.53

16

23.8

43

71

100

108

72

71.36

25.04

17

44

57

89

126

160

69

95.39

38.05

18

51.3

60

95

132

149

73

95

32.49

19

41

68

114

160

169

72

113.39

35.67

20

57

83

120

166

190

69

126.69

45.79

21

68

103

143.3

184

200

71

141.89

35.44

22

74

104

141

191

220

71

145.28

39.37

23

88

123

174

223

243

72

172.19

44.78

24

97

107

153.5

241

260

68

170.6

55.81

25

74

82

184

270

330

48

181.94

69.42

26

88

100

190

288

319

43

190.67

71.35

27

76

131

238.65

289

291

35

220.3

73.23

28

96

123

202

307

351

61

203.38

67.66

29

134

154

240

365

434

43

254.84

89.83

30

99.6

151

247

345

423

47

249.1

77

31

114

145

293.5

405

462

56

280.46

90.97

32

182

203

307

471

512

67

314.61

89.16

33

190

222

334.5

442

515

72

336.67

88.37

34

195

253

344

448

496

72

341.94

84.01

35

200

237

356

546

654

75

374.79

123.68

36

237

267

350

490

515

77

361.16

80.6

37

242

275.3

364.5

507

593

72

380.02

91.21

38

273

296

405

590

755

72

433.61

136.89

39

259

312

444

610

678

71

450.38

128.09

40

335

378

459

580

632

77

475.44

90.66

41

327

353

470

615

690

72

478.18

105.99

Table 3. Percentiles, number of observations, the mean and standard deviation for placental weight in the function of GA

Legend: GA, gestational age; g, grams; SD, standard deviation. Nogueira R, et al.,Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory.

Percentile

 

 

 

Birthweight (g)

GA

3rd

10th

50th

90th

97th

Number

Mean

SD

12

5.7

9.3

16

29

111

53

23.83

38.99

13

6.7

16

27

41

46

61

28.22

20.96

14

16

24

46

70

77

68

44.72

17.3

15

15

24

70.5

100

120

72

67.86

32.27

16

25

44

99.35

164

185

72

99.8

44.33

17

75

89

166

226

266

69

165.63

51.58

18

66.5

122

209

261

309

73

201.52

56.84

19

56

127

261

333

402

72

253.83

86.96

20

141

242

325

430

455

69

330.38

81.85

21

190

296

409

497

535

71

400.56

86.21

22

241

353

495

589

648

71

486.48

141.64

23

325

411

565.5

700

772

72

560.09

109.35

24

343

444

642.5

786

854

68

637.79

143.32

25

179

280

731

870

1175

48

678.61

332.26

26

364

460

640

925

1670

43

710.84

293.23

27

488

620

958

1150

1200

35

911.78

192.51

28

300

549

960

1240

1400

61

928.62

270.84

29

497

638

1075

1720

2160

43

1203.65

488.27

30

660

845

1275

1730

1860

47

1267.34

349.7

31

796

920

1469.5

1930

2180

56

1479.11

358.7

32

937

1219

1750

2250

2500

67

1759.27

487.78

33

1177

1500

1960

2360

2490

72

1931.08

391.98

34

1331

1515

2095

2690

2860

72

2136.57

443.36

35

1530

1720

2270

2850

3640

75

2337.69

561.11

36

1640

1860

2440

3175

3390

77

2454.43

457.96

37

2000

2140

2450

2995

3690

72

2570.04

513.11

38

2090

2200

2737.5

3580

4120

72

2846.26

587.45

39

1930

2230

2780

3660

3840

71

2882.54

590.53

40

2400

2580

3230

3860

3940

77

3253.27

477.65

41

2500

2600

3312.5

3900

4210

72

3308.19

507.44

Table 4. Percentiles, number of observations, the mean and standard deviation for birthweight in the function of GA

Legend: GA, gestational age; g, grams; SD, standard deviation. Nogueira R, et al., Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory.

Percentile

 

 

 

BPW-R

GA

3rd

10th

50th

90th

97th

Number

Mean

SD

12

.21

.28

.51

1.22

1.97

53

.68

.47

13

.32

.41

.63

1.06

2.5

61

.76

.46

14

.35

.51

.94

1.32

1.38

68

.92

.32

15

.34

.53

1.1

1.92

2.48

72

1.19

.55

16

.54

.68

1.41

2.11

2.32

72

1.43

.52

17

.83

1

1.78

2.71

3.16

69

1.86

.68

18

1

1.37

2.18

3.04

3.66

73

2.25

.76

19

.93

1.47

2.28

3.06

3.77

72

2.28

.69

20

1.41

1.92

2.59

4

4.39

69

2.78

.81

21

1.6

2.13

2.84

3.99

4.5

71

2.95

.82

22

1.97

2.34

3.41

4.5

5.57

71

3.45

.88

23

2.12

2.38

3.36

4.69

5.21

72

3.43

.91

24

2.35

2.67

3.82

5.15

6.1

68

3.94

1

25

1.82

2.23

3.56

5.22

7

48

3.83

1.57

26

2.16

2.55

3.9

5.14

6.44

43

3.93

1.19

27

2.66

3.39

4.09

6.42

7.08

35

4.45

1.2

28

2.45

3.09

4.82

6.45

7.7

61

4.77

1.35

29

2.91

3.19

4.63

6.27

7.74

43

4.85

1.49

30

3.52

3.73

5.42

6.74

7.68

47

5.28

1.16

31

3.58

4.17

5.42

6.99

8.07

56

5.54

1.17

32

3.78

4.12

5.67

7.53

7.95

67

5.74

1.28

33

3.82

4.33

5.96

7.37

8.63

72

5.96

1.26

34

4.59

4.91

6.45

7.98

8.91

72

6.49

1.78

35

4.73

5.04

6.45

8.1

8.53

75

6.48

1.18

36

4.58

5.3

6.93

8.89

9.77

77

6.96

1.31

37

4.96

5.46

6.76

8.89

9.69

72

6.95

1.27

38

4.64

5.29

6.93

8.56

9.51

72

6.86

1.38

39

3.96

4.96

6.53

8.5

8.88

71

6.65

1.34

40

4.82

5.68

6.92

8.57

8.98

77

6.97

1.07

41

5.35

5.95

7

8

9.16

72

7.07

.94

Table 5. Percentiles, number of observations, the mean and standard deviation for birth/placental weight ratio (BPW-R) in the function of GA

Legend: GA, gestational age; SD, standard deviation. Nogueira R, et al., Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory.

Percentile

 

 

 

PW-R

GA

3rd

10th

50th

90th

97th

Number

Mean

SD

12

.51

.82

1.96

3.55

4.84

53

2.22

1.77

13

.40

.94

1.59

2.45

3.10

61

1.63

.67

14

.72

.76

1.07

1.96

2.83

68

1.27

.60

15

.40

.52

.91

1.89

2.90

72

1.08

.72

16

.43

.47

.71

1.47

1.86

72

.84

.47

17

.32

.37

.56

1.00

1.20

69

.62

.26

18

.27

.33

.46

.73

1.00

73

.50

.20

19

.27

.33

.44

.68

1.07

72

.50

.28

20

.23

.25

.39

.52

.71

69

.40

.15

21

.22

.25

.35

.47

.63

71

.37

.10

22

.18

.22

.29

.43

.51

71

.31

.08

23

.19

.21

.30

.42

.47

72

.31

.08

24

.16

.19

.26

.37

.43

68

.27

.07

25

.14

.19

.28

.45

.55

48

.29

.10

26

.16

.19

.26

.39

.46

43

.28

.09

27

.14

.16

.24

.30

.38

35

.24

.07

28

.13

.16

.21

.32

.41

61

.23

.07

29

.13

.16

.22

.31

.34

43

.22

.06

30

.13

.15

.18

.27

.28

47

.20

.05

31

.12

.14

.18

.24

.28

56

.19

.04

32

.13

.13

.18

.24

.26

67

.19

.07

33

.12

.14

.17

.23

.26

72

.18

.05

34

.11

.13

.15

.20

.22

72

.16

.03

35

.12

.12

.16

.20

.21

75

.16

.03

36

.10

.11

.14

.19

.22

77

.15

.03

37

.10

.11

.15

.18

.20

72

.15

.03

38

.11

.12

.14

.19

.22

72

.15

.03

39

.11

.12

.15

.20

.25

71

.16

.04

40

.11

.12

.14

.18

.21

77

.15

.02

41

.11

.13

.14

.17

.19

72

.14

.02

Table 6. Percentiles, number of observations, mean and standard deviation for placental weight ratio (PW-R) in function of GA

Legend: GA, gestational age; SD, standard deviation. Nogueira R, et al., Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory.

Correlations

Placental Weight (g)

Placental Volume

Largest Placental Diameter

Smallest Placental Diameter

Placental Thickness

Placental Weight (g)

Pearson Correlation

1

,883**

,826**

,829**

,619**

Sig. (2-tailed)

 

,000

,000

,000

,000

N

1951

1944

1949

1948

1947

Placental Volume

Pearson Correlation

,883**

1

,883**

,877**

,621**

Sig. (2-tailed)

,000

 

,000

,000

,000

N

1944

1944

1944

1944

1944

Largest Placental Diameter

Pearson Correlation

,826**

,883**

1

,918**

,396**

Sig. (2-tailed)

,000

,000

 

,000

,000

N

1949

1944

1949

1948

1945

Smallest Placental Diameter

Pearson Correlation

,829**

,877**

,918**

1

,398**

Sig. (2-tailed)

,000

,000

,000

 

,000

N

1948

1944

1948

1948

1944

Placental Thickness

Pearson Correlation

,619**

,621**

,396**

,398**

1

Sig. (2-tailed)

,000

,000

,000

,000

 

N

1947

1944

1945

1944

1947

Table 7. Correlation between placental measures, placental weight and placental volume

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Nogueira R, et al., Portugal, Porto, Embryofetal Pathology Laboratory