Table 1

Sr. No	Chemical used	Set Time (min) for w/w % ratio								Temp. (^⁰C)	Comparison
		0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0
	Tap water	15
1	Sugar	-	-	-	-	24	35	37	25	44	Slight effect
2	Common Salt (NaCl)	-	-	-	-	15	16	15	14		No effect
3	Sodium bicarbonate	-	-	-	-	26	30	32	35	43	Moderate retardant
4	Borax	-	-	-	-	40	192	225	240	45	Excellent retardant
5	Sodium citrate	-	-	-	-	45	60	65	70	72	Good Retardant
6	Tartaric Acid	30	22	15	15	14					Slight effect
7	Citric acid	370	355	335	280	230	200				Extreme Retardant
8	Starch	45	40	38	37	35	20	3	2		Moderate retardant

Table 1: Effects of retardants for w/w ratio on plaster of Paris set time in tremendously hot weather of Pakistan

Table 2

Sr.No.	Retarding agent	Set Time (min) for v/w % ratio				Room Temp. (^⁰C)	Percentage Retardation
		0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0		0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0
1	Tap water	15	-	-	-	44
2	Cold water	25	-	-	-	-
3	Propylene glycol	15	16	18	20	43	100	106	120	133
4	Acetic Acid	80	97	115	150	43	533	646	766	1266
5	Glycerin	25	25	30	35	42	166	166	200	233
6	Glue	30	36	40	43	41	200	240	266	286
7	Hydrochloric acid	10	15	20	25	42	66	100	133	166

Table 2: Effects of retardants for v/w ratio on plaster of Paris set time in tremendously hot weather of Pakistan

Table 3

Sr.No.	Chemicals used	Porosity for w/w % ratio				Room Temp.	Density for w/w % ratio
		0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0		0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0
1	Sugar	54	55	56	55	44	1.27	1.24	1.21	1.24
2	Common Salt (NaCl)	48.82				42	1.41
3	Sodium bicarbonate	62.26	61.84	61.66	61.38	43	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.06
4	Borax	40	42	45	47	43	1.66	1.60	1.52	1.46
5	Sodium citrate	44.18	44.34	44.79	44.96	42	1.54	1.54	1.52	1.52
6	Tartaric Acid	47.91	49.33	51.89	53.76	41	1.44	1.40	1.37	1.28
7	Citric acid	46	48	50.23	51.56	42	1.49	1.43	1.37	1.34
8	Starch

Table 3: Effects of retardants for w/w % ratio on plaster of Paris set time and its density in tremendously hot weather of Pakistan

Table 4

Chemicals used	Porosity for w/w % ratio				Room Temp. (^⁰C)	Density for w/w % ratio
	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0		0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0
Tap water	54	-	-	-	44
Cold water	54				-
Propylene glycol	48.82	43.43	39.21	37.64	43	1.41	1.56	1.68	1.72
Acetic Acid	57	68	79	-	43	1.19	0.88	0.58
Glycerin	53	49	45	38	42	1.30	1.40	1.51	1.71
Glue	45	37	31	25	41	1.52	1.74	1.90	2.07
Hydrochloric acid	57.13	59.00	60.43	61.87	42	1.18	1.13	1.09	1.05

Table 4: Effects of retardants on plaster of Paris porosity and density

Tables at a glance

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Figures at a glance

Comments

Figure 1

Comments

Figure 2

Comments

Figure 3

Comments

Figure 4

FIGURE 1

Figure 1: Effect of chemicals (w/w) admixture on set time of Plaster of Paris

FIGURE 2

Figure 2: Effect of chemicals (v/w) admixture on set time of Plaster of Paris

FIGURE 3

Figure 3: Effect of chemicals (w/w) admixture on porosity of Plaster of Paris

FIGURE 4

Figure 4: Effect of chemicals (v/w) admixture on Porosity of Plaster of Paris