N=54 |
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Sex |
Female |
7 |
13 |
|
Male |
47 |
87 |
Diabetes |
No |
48 |
88.9 |
|
Yes |
6 |
11.1 |
Cardiovascular Disease |
No |
43 |
79.6 |
|
Yes |
1 |
20.4 |
Respiratory Disease |
No |
43 |
79.6 |
|
Yes |
11 |
20.4 |
ECOG |
0 |
37 |
68.5 |
|
1 |
16 |
29.6 |
|
2 |
1 |
1.9 |
|
3 |
0 |
0 |
BMI |
<20 |
1 |
2 |
*Missing: 4 |
20-25 |
19 |
30 |
|
25-30 |
20 |
36 |
|
≥30 |
17 |
32 |
Sarcopenia |
No |
44 |
81.5 |
|
Yes |
10 |
18.5 |
|
Visceral Obesity |
No |
24 |
45.3 |
|
*Missing: 1 |
Yes |
29 |
54.7 |
|
Overweight / Obese (per BMI) |
No |
16 |
32 |
|
*Missing: 4 |
Yes |
34 |
63 |
|
|
Median |
Minimum |
Maximum |
IQR |
Age (years) |
67 |
46 |
83 |
14 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
27 |
19 |
37 |
7.3 |
SMI (cm2/m2) |
59 |
38 |
87 |
15 |
L3 FFM (cm2) |
167 |
109 |
219 |
46 |
Whole Body FFM (kg) |
58 |
39 |
79 |
13.6 |
Table 1: Demographic data in the study cohort (N=54).
BMI: body mass index; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; FFM: Fat free mass; IQR: Interquartile range; SMI:
skeletal muscle index.
N=54 (except where noted) |
Median |
Minimum |
Maximum |
IQR |
LVEF (%) |
66 |
53 |
80 |
9.4 |
LV end diastolic diameter (mm) |
51 |
37 |
59 |
7 |
E/A (ratio) |
0.83 |
0.42 |
2 |
0.55 |
IVRT (ms) |
99 |
50 |
158 |
21 |
Pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) N=20 |
32 |
22 |
44 |
11.6 |
LA volume (cm2) |
18 |
11 |
26 |
6.3 |
Deceleration time (ms) |
218 |
109 |
414 |
93 |
LV relaxation velocity (Ea, cm/sec) N=22 |
10 |
5 |
18 |
3 |
LV filling pressure (E/e) N=20 |
6.25 |
4 |
21 |
4 |
Myocardial performance index (ratio) |
0.44 |
0.18 |
0.7 |
0.14 |
Septal thickness (mm) |
9 |
6 |
11 |
1.3 |
Posterior wall diameter (mm) |
9 |
7 |
12 |
1 |
LV mass (g) |
164 |
82 |
242 |
46 |
LV mass index (g/m2) |
82 |
49 |
131 |
31.5 |
Longitudinal strain (%) N=14 |
17 |
12 |
21 |
3 |
Radial strain (%) N=8 |
41 |
14 |
90 |
23 |
Longitudinal strain rate (1/s)N=13 |
1 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
Table 2: Left ventricular (LV) function in treatment-naive oesophageal adenocarcinoma
E/A: early (E) and late (A) diastolic transmitral peak flow; EF: Ejection fraction; IQR: Interquartile range; IVRT: Isovolumic relaxation time;
LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle.
N=54 |
Without Sarcopenia |
With Sarcopenia |
Mean Difference |
p |
LVEF (%) |
65.6 |
67.6 |
-2 |
0.36 |
LV end diastolic diameter (mm) |
49.9 |
50.8 |
-0.9 |
0.58 |
E/A (ratio) |
0.93 |
1 |
0.08 |
0.54 |
IVRT (ms) |
98.6 |
109.5 |
-10.9 |
0.09 |
Pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) |
30.9 |
37.3 |
-6.4 |
0.08 |
Left atrial volume (cm2) |
18.5 |
18.1 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
Deceleration Time (ms) |
219.7 |
209.2 |
10.5 |
0.67 |
LV relaxation velocity (Ea, cm/sec) |
10.2 |
12.9 |
-2.7 |
0.09 |
LV filling pressure (E/e) |
6.5 |
10.5 |
-4 |
0.36 |
Myocardial performance index (ratio) |
0.45 |
0.37 |
0.07 |
0.04* |
Septal thickness (mm) |
9 |
9.6 |
-0.6 |
0.1 |
Posterior wall diameter (mm) |
9.3 |
9.6 |
-0.3 |
0.5 |
LV mass (g) |
162.3 |
181.1 |
-18.8 |
0.16 |
LV mass index (g/m2) |
83 |
100 |
-17 |
0.02* |
Longitudinal strain (%) |
16 |
17.8 |
-1.8 |
0.37 |
Longitudinal strain rate (1/s) |
1.06 |
1.05 |
0.01 |
0.94 |
Table 3: Comparison between groups with and without sarcopenia. There was a significant difference in left ventricular (LV) mass and myocardial performance index in patients with adenocarcinoma. In those with sarcopenia: isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) prolonged; pulmonary artery pressure higher; deceleration time shorter; left ventricular (LV) relaxation velocity longer; LV filling pressure higher; LV mass and
septal thickness higher.
E/A: early (E) and late (A) diastolic transmitral peak flow; EF: Ejection fraction. *Statistical significance: p<0.05
N=54 |
|
SMI (cm2/m2) |
L3 Fat Free Mass (cm2) |
Whole Body FFM (kg) |
LV EF (%) |
ρ |
-0.197 |
-0.087 |
-0.092 |
|
Sig. |
0.153 |
0.565 |
0.508 |
LV EDD (mm) |
ρ |
0.223 |
0.223 |
0.292* |
|
Sig. |
0.105 |
0.136 |
0.032 |
E/A (ratio) |
ρ |
0.008 |
0.128 |
0.046 |
|
Sig. |
0.953 |
0.395 |
0.739 |
IVRT (ms) |
ρ |
-0.271* |
-0.311* |
-0.299* |
|
Sig. |
0.049 |
0.035 |
0.029 |
Pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) |
ρ |
0.181 |
0.214 |
0.214 |
|
Sig. |
0.446 |
0.365 |
0.365 |
Left atrial volume (cm2) |
ρ |
0.031 |
-0.053 |
0.017 |
|
Sig. |
0.832 |
0.735 |
0.905 |
Deceleration Time (ms) |
ρ |
0.009 |
-0.041 |
0.027 |
|
Sig. |
0.949 |
0.788 |
0.847 |
LV relaxation velocity (Ea, cm/sec) |
ρ |
-0.185 |
0.041 |
-0.025 |
|
Sig. |
0.41 |
0.864 |
0.913 |
LV filling pressure (E/e) |
ρ |
-0.312 |
-0.568* |
-0.476* |
|
Sig. |
0.181 |
0.014 |
0.034 |
Myocardial performance index (ratio) |
ρ |
0.045 |
-0.107 |
-0.067 |
|
Sig. |
0.751 |
0.483 |
0.635 |
Septal thickness (mm) |
ρ |
-0.225 |
-0.121 |
-0.2 |
|
Sig. |
0.102 |
0.422 |
0.147 |
Posterior wall diameter (mm) |
ρ |
-0.031 |
-0.083 |
-0.038 |
|
Sig. |
0.822 |
0.584 |
0.783 |
LV mass (g) |
ρ |
0.019 |
0.038 |
0.08 |
|
Sig. |
0.892 |
0.805 |
0.571 |
LV mass index (g/m2) |
ρ |
-0.208 |
-0.224 |
-0.212 |
|
Sig. |
0.135 |
0.14 |
0.127 |
Table 4: Cardiac dimensions correlated with skeletal muscle index (SMI) and body composition measures using Pearson Correlation in treatment-naive patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) was significantly correlated with all body composition measures. Left ventricular filling pressure was significantly correlated with both L3 fat free mass and Whole Body fat free mass
E/A: early (E) and late (A) diastolic transmitral peak flow; EDD: end diastolic diameter; EF: ejection fraction; FFM: Fat free mass; LV: left ventricular. * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
|
IVRT (ms) |
Myocardial performance index (ratio) |
LV mass index (g/m2) |
Pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) |
Deceleration time (ms) |
|||||
|
P-value |
β (SE) |
P-value |
β (SE) |
P-value |
β (SE) |
P-value |
β (SE) |
P-value |
β (SE) |
Age, years |
0.184 |
- |
0.027 |
-0.00 |
0.485 |
- |
0.825 |
- |
0.203 |
- |
Sex, male vs female |
0.387 |
- |
0.286 |
- |
0.664 |
- |
0.5 |
- |
0.619 |
- |
Diabetes |
0.809 |
- |
0.358 |
- |
0.137 |
- |
0.794 |
- |
0.587 |
- |
Cardiovascular disease |
0.372 |
- |
0.903 |
- |
0.949 |
- |
0.692 |
- |
0.218 |
- |
Respiratory comorbidity |
0.465 |
- |
0.105 |
- |
0.272 |
- |
0.917 |
- |
0.011 |
52.48 |
Ever smoking |
0.285 |
- |
0.577 |
- |
0.332 |
- |
0.312 |
- |
0.319 |
- |
Weight, kg |
0.151 |
- |
0.145 |
- |
0.166 |
- |
0.462 |
- |
0.106 |
- |
Body mass index, kg/m2 |
0.127 |
- |
0.704 |
- |
0.171 |
- |
0.384 |
- |
0.105 |
- |
Sarcopenia |
0.62 |
- |
0.531 |
- |
0.017 |
18.98 |
0.014 |
5.23 |
0.667 |
- |
Skeletal muscle index, cm2/m2 |
0.049 |
-0.71 |
0.388 |
- |
0.413 |
- |
0.687 |
- |
0.172 |
- |
Fat free mass, kg |
0.847 |
- |
0.058 |
- |
0.447 |
- |
0.71 |
- |
0.22 |
- |
Visceral obesity |
0.124 |
- |
0.88 |
- |
0.801 |
- |
<0.001 |
10.76 |
0.135 |
- |
Fat mass, kg |
0.156 |
- |
0.803 |
- |
0.237 |
- |
0.75 |
- |
0.11 |
- |
Table 5: Univariable and multivariable analysis of factors associated with cardiac physiology
IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; LV, left ventricular; SE, standard error *Statistical significance: p<0.05
Tables at a glance