Figure 1: The formononetin treatment reduced the incidence of lung cancer and decreased the expression of COX-2 in mice. (A) The body weight of mice in each group, the mice in blank group received no treatment, in control group received urethane treatment, and in formonone group received urethane treatment and formonone treatment. (B) The incidence of lung cancer in mice at week 15 and 20 after urethane treatment. (C-D) COX-2-positive rate in lung tissues of mice at week 15 and 20 after urethane treatment.

Figure 2: The role of formononetin in NSCLC cells. (A) The effect of formononetin on the viability of NSCLC cells by CCK-8. (B) The effect of formononetin on the cell cycle of NSCLC cells by flow cytometry.

Figure 3: Formononetin inhibited the expression of COX-2 and CyclinD1. (A) The mRNA expression of CDK4, CDK6, CyclinD1 and COX-2 was tested by qRT-PCR in A-549 and HCC827 cells after formononetin treatment. (B) The protein expression of CyclinD1 and COX-2 was tested by Western blotting in A-549 and HCC827 cells after formononetin treatment.

Figure 4: Formononetin targets and decreases the expression of HK1. (A) The binding site of formononetin and HK1. (B) The levels of HK1 protein were tested by Western blotting. (C) The effect of formononetin on the glycolysis rate was tested by ECAR in A-549 and HCC827 cells.