Therapy |
Outcome |
References |
Donor lymphocyte infusion |
- Induces remission in post-allo-HCT patients with CML who relapse- Potentially increases survival in patients with prior haploidentical transplant- Important to understand the consequences of DLI to determine suitable candidates |
- 7, 43 |
Hypomethylating agents |
- Maintenance therapy post allo-HCT remains controversial and unclear.- Potential prophylactic use due to tolerability. |
- 12, 38 |
|
- Ivosidenib: Promising results, needs further investigation post- |
|
|
transplant. - Olutasidenib: Early study results are promising; longer- |
|
|
term studies needed.- Enasidenib: 35% overall response rate post- |
|
|
relapse allo HCT, potential standalone agent.- Sorafenib: Option for |
|
|
very poor risk FLT3 ITD-mutated AML patients post allo-BMT |
- 17, 44, 18, |
Targeted therapy |
relapse.- Gilteritinib: Improved response rate (36% vs 18%) in post- |
39, 40, 20, 21, |
|
allo-HCT patients; basis for treatment in FLT3-positive AML post- |
22 |
|
transplant.- Quizartinib: Antitumor activity in FLT3-positive AML; use |
|
|
as a single agent post-allotransplant relapse remains to be |
|
|
demonstrated.- Crenolanib: Improvement over other treatments not |
|
|
known; phase 3 trial terminated. |
|
|
- Ipilimumab and Nivolumab: Adverse events expected; need strategies |
|
|
to reduce toxicity while maximizing efficacy.- Gemtuzumab: Safe |
|
|
profile, another option for post-allo-HCT relapse.- Flotetuzumab: Early |
|
Immunotherapy |
results encouraging; further investigations needed.- CAR T: Shows |
- 26, 27, 28, |
|
larger populations.- Orca-T: 81% relapse-free survival at 1 year and 18 |
|
|
months in AML patients; low rates of greater than grade 3 GVHD |
|
|
(5%). |
|
Tables at a glance