Therapy

Outcome

References

Donor lymphocyte infusion

- Induces remission in post-allo-HCT patients with CML who relapse- Potentially increases survival in patients with prior haploidentical transplant- Important to understand the consequences of DLI to determine suitable candidates

- 7, 43

Hypomethylating agents

- Maintenance therapy post allo-HCT remains controversial and unclear.- Potential prophylactic use due to tolerability.

- 12, 38

- Ivosidenib: Promising results, needs further investigation post-

transplant. - Olutasidenib: Early study results are promising; longer-

term studies needed.- Enasidenib: 35% overall response rate post-

relapse allo HCT, potential standalone agent.- Sorafenib: Option for

very poor risk FLT3 ITD-mutated AML patients post allo-BMT

- 17, 44, 18,

Targeted therapy

relapse.- Gilteritinib: Improved response rate (36% vs 18%) in post-

39, 40, 20, 21,

allo-HCT patients; basis for treatment in FLT3-positive AML post-

22

transplant.- Quizartinib: Antitumor activity in FLT3-positive AML; use

as a single agent post-allotransplant relapse remains to be

demonstrated.- Crenolanib: Improvement over other treatments not

known; phase 3 trial terminated.

- Ipilimumab and Nivolumab: Adverse events expected; need strategies

to reduce toxicity while maximizing efficacy.- Gemtuzumab: Safe

profile, another option for post-allo-HCT relapse.- Flotetuzumab: Early

Immunotherapy

results encouraging; further investigations needed.- CAR T: Shows
promise, revolutionary in ALL treatment, needs more studies with

- 26, 27, 28,
41, 34, 37, 45

larger populations.- Orca-T: 81% relapse-free survival at 1 year and 18

months in AML patients; low rates of greater than grade 3 GVHD

(5%).