Figure 1: General structure of 3-amino-7-benzylbenzimidazo[3,2- a]quinolinium chloride (ABQ-48: NSC D-763307) and 3-nitro- 7-benzylbenzimidazo[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride (NBQ-48: NSC D -763303)

Figure 2: Production of G-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in culture supernatants from ABQ 48-treated lymphocyte cultures. Murine splenic lymphocytes were isolated and incubated with twofold serial dilutions of ABQ-48 (5-0.3 ug/mL) for 5 days. Culture supernatants were collected and the cytokine concentrations were determined by protein microarray analysis. Supernatants from Concanavalin A-treated lymphocytes, and media alone were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results were expressed as mean concentrations ± SEM of three independent experiments.

Figure 3: Production of G-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in culture supernatants from NBQ 48-treated lymphocyte cultures. Murine splenic lymphocytes were isolated and incubated with twofold serial dilutions of NBQ-48 (5-0.3 μg/mL) for 5 days. Culture supernatants were collected and the cytokine concentrations were determined by protein microarray analysis. Supernatants from Concanavalin A-treated lymphocytes, and media alone were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results were expressed as mean concentrations ± SEM of three independent experiments.