Figure 1 Q-Q plot in relation to PCa 2016 and quantile distribution of correlate variables.

Figure 2 Prediction Profiler of the PCa correlated variables

 

 Year

Population males 106

CRD 103 for PCa

185 countries

49 SC

% of 49 SC

185 countries

49 SC

% of 49 SC

2000

3063.097

606.482

19.8

247.771

126.618

51.1

2016

3717.324

669.671

18.0

352.255

155.213

44.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year

Population females 106

185 countries

49 SC

% of 49 SC

2000

3024.847

640.335

21.2

2016

3673.749

738.321

20.1

Table 1: Males Population and CRD for PCa in the 185 countries compared to the49 SC and relative percentages

 

Diseases

 

GHE

 

Gender

M/F

ASRDs values Mean ± SD

% 2016

 Vs 2000

2000

2010

2016

Prostate cancer (PCa)

740

M

22.8 ± 16.11

22.5 ± 18.27

20.3 ± 15.55a

-11.0

Iron-deficiency anemia [IDA]

580

M

 0.89 ± 1.635

 0.73 ± 1.714

 0.56 ± 0.807 a

-37.0

Infectious and parasitic diseases (InfPar Dis)

20

M

23.2 ± 29.01

16.0 ± 16.96

14.7 ± 16.43 a

-41.7

Tuberculosis (TBC)

30

M

 6.5 ± 10.31

 3.4 ± 5.53

 2.3 ± 3.26 a

-64.6

STD (sexually transmitted diseases) excluding HIV

40

M

 0.10 ± 0.163

 0.05 ± 0.102

 0.07 ± 0.201

-30.0

STD (sexually transmitted diseases) excluding HIV

40

F

 0.23 ± 0.283

 0.11 ± 0.143

 0.09 ± 0.114 a

-60.9

Syphilis

50

M

 0.10 ± 0.162

 0.06 ± 1.007a

 0.04 ± 0.073 a

-40.0

Chlamydia (Chlamy)

60

F

 0.02 ± 0.025

 0.01 ± 0.014

 0.01 ± 0.010 a

-50.0

Gonorrhea (Gono)

70

M

 0.003 ± 0.0039

 0.001 ± 0.0015

 0.001 ± 0.0008 a

-66.7

HIV/AIDS

100

M

 7.3 ± 22.44

 6.5 ± 13.27

 5.1 ± 13.62

-30.1

Diarrheal diseases (Diarrh)

110

M

 2.7 ± 7.33

 1.6 ± 3.29

 1.4 ± 2.31

-48.1

Parasitic and vectorial diseases (PVD)

210

M

 0.77 ± 1.953

 0.49 ± 1.244

 0.42 ± 0.957 a

-45.5

Respiratory infections (R Inf)

380

M

31.9 ± 25.26

22.3 ± 16.24

20.4 ± 13.34 a

-36.1

Alcohol use disorders (Al Dis)

860

M

 7.3 ± 7.55

 6.4 ± 6.23

 5.4 ± 4.89 a

-26.0

Drug use disorders (Dr Dis)

870

M

 3.6 ± 3.17

 3.7 ± 3.37

 3.5 ± 3.28

-2.8

Digestive diseases (Dig Dis)

1210

M

43.6 ± 24.73

38.6 ± 23.70

34.1 ± 19.80 a

-26.3

Peptic ulcer (P ulc)

1220

M

 4.2 ± 2.80

 2.8 ± 2.19

 2.5 ± 2.26 a

-40.5

Cirrhosis (Cirr)

1230

M

22.1 ± 18.31

21.0 ± 18.15

17.8 ± 14.52 a

-19.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total ASDRs in the 49 SC

 

M

847.0 ± 245.9

703.3 ± 248.66

633.9 ± 219.14 a

-25.1

Table 2. ASDRs of diseases considered in the analysis for the years between 2000 and 2016: mean values ± SD and % average decrease

GHE = Global health Estimation code
a = Mann-Whitney U test: 2016 Vs 2000 p <0.05

Gender

N Males (x 103)

 

PCa ASDRs Males

 

Year

2000

2016

% incr

2000

2016

% incr

Country

Armenia

1440.92

1375.25

-4.6

8.93

14.80

+65.7

Australia

9511.52

12020.35

26.4

23.35

15.24

-34.7

Austria

3916.40

4268.48

9.0

22.99

13.94

-39.4

Bahamas

145.10

191.54

32.0

59.31

54.01

-8.9

Belgium

50348.20

5590.81

11.1

22.06

15.67

-39.4

Brazil

86623.32

10283.10

17.8

27.30

20.51

-24.9

Brunei

168.75

217.90

29.1

13.52

16.40

+21.3

Canada

15225.06

18002.96

18.2

21.04

12.30

-41.5

Chile

7546.04

8870.61

17.6

25.48

24.24

-4.9

Croatia

2131.75

2030.46

-4.8

18.33

20.02

+9.2

Cuba

5594.31

5741.37

2.6

33.52

30.27

+3.2

Czechia

5005.61

5214.70

4.2

23.04

16.48

-28.5

Denmark

2642.89

2840.81

7.5

29.54

23.13

-21.7

Estonia

652.56

614.40

-5.8

26.40

28.44

+7.7

Finland

2352.58

2710.01

7.0

23.04

15.95

-30.8

France

29223.78

31811.65

8.9

23.46

13.21

-43.7

Germany

39680.44

40313.09

8.7

21.30

15.38

-27.7

Grenada

50.24

81.59

62.4

85.24

70.21

-17.6

Guatemala

5716.73

8159.45

42.7

19.26

16.32

-15.3

Hungary

4862.65

4637.69

-4.6

22.62

17.16

-24.1

Iceland

140.34

166.78

18.8

25.79

21.06

-18.3

Ireland

1914.25

2353.74

22.9

23.20

16.21

-30,1

Israel

2965.57

4065.87

37.1

13.97

9.23

-34.1

Italy

27979.90

28943.65

4.1

14.35

9.90

-31.0

Japan

62929.57

62400.68

-0.8

7.55

6.52

-13.7

Kyrgyzstan

2432.99

2953.38

21.4

6.29

5.62

-10.7

Latvia

1095.57

904.74

-17.4

19.54

26.88

+37.6

Lithuania

1638.98

1339.62

-18.3

23.63

25.85

+9.41

Luxembourg

214.79

298.22

34.7

22.54

11.73

-48.0

Malta

197.66

215.54

9.0

17.04

10.79

-36.7

Mauritius

587.69

624.07

6.1

9.14

9.98

+9.1

Mexico

50506.62

63501.51

25.7

15.86

13.97

-11.9

Netherlands

7888.74

8448.04

7.1

26.79

17.94

-33.0

New Zealand

1893.98

2291.89

21.9

26.73

16.44

-38.5

Norway

2229.01

2648.48

18.8

32.63

22.76

-30.3

Rep. of Korea

23775.81

25419.45

6.9

5.59

6.44

+15.2

Moldova

2010.77

1949.21

-3.1

5.77

13.83

+132.1

Romania

10825.16

9583.68

-12.5

11.70

14.13

+20.8

Saint Vincent & Grenadines

54.33

55.31

1.8

80.01

84.63

+5.8

Slovakia

2621.67

2646.52

0.9

21.73

22.72

+4.6

Slovenia

970.77

1031.28

6.2

24.97

21.00

-15.9

Spain

20077.28

22729.18

12.1

18.04

11.42

-36.7

Sweden

4392.26

4920.08

12.0

30.68

21.64

-29.5

Switzerland

3501.52

4160.14

18.3

26.06

16.31

-37.4

Macedonia

1019.34

1040.49

2.1

11.48

14.68

+27.8

Trinidad and Tobago

630.61

672.98

6.7

55.90

57.89

+3.6

United Kingdom

28772.32

32443.20

13.0

22.68

17.53

-22.7

United States of America

138883.47

159423.60

14.8

18.82

12.84

-31.8

Uzbekistan

12356.1

15672.43

35.0

1.81

1.96

+8.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

606482.26

669670.90

 

 

 

 

Mean

 

 

9.6à

23.803

20.256

-10.9a

SD

 

 

25.33

16.3039

15.5519

31.91

Table3. Males Population (N) in the years 2000 and 2016 and relative death for PCa reported as Age Standardized Death Rates x 100000 population (ADRs). Data of the 49 SC "with high completeness and quality of cause-of-death assignment" according to the WHO [17]; % modification 2106/2000ofthe mean values

a = Mann-Whitney U test; 2016 Vs 2000 p <0.05

Cluster

Number

of members

Disease

1

8

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Syfilis

Intestinal Diseases (Int Dis)

Parasitic and vectorial diseases (PVD)

Diarrhea

STDs females

HIV(AIDS (HIV)

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

2

5

Digestive Diseases (Dig Dis)

Cirrhosis

Peptic ulcer

Alcohol-related disorders (Al Dis)

Tuberculosis (TBC)

3

2

Respiratory infections (R inf)

Chlamydia in females (Chlamy)

4

2

Drug use disorders (Dr. D)

Gonorrhea (Gono)

Table 4. Cluster summary of the variables recorded in 2000 in relation to PCa in 2016.

Cluster

Disease

R square value

within own cluster

R square value

with the closest cluster

1

HIV

0.710

0.181

1

IDA

0.650

0.298

2

Dig Dis

0.948

0.405

3

R inf

0.808

0.185

3

Chlamy

0.809

0.476

4

Dr Dis

0.651

0.169

Table 5. R squared values of the selected variables Vs PCa and R square values with the closest cluster

Dig Dis = Digestive diseases; R inf = respiratory infections; Chlamy = Chlamydia in females; Dr Dis = Drug use disorders.

Disease

Prob> F

IDA

3.30e-7

HIV

 0.00020

Chlamy

0.00045

Dig Dis

0.03186

R inf

0.06245

Dr dis

0.75036

Table 6. Step Wise Regression: the probability of correlation with PCA

Dig Dis = Digestive diseases; R inf = respiratory infections; Chlamy = Chlamydia in females; Dr Dis = Drug use disorders; Prob =probability.