CAD= Coronary artery disease, LVSD= Left ventricular systolic dysfunction RAD-=Left anterior descending artery, RCA=Right coronary artery, LCx= Left circumflex artery.

Table 1: Study Patient Clinical Characteristics

N=26 patients
Mean Age 59 ±10 yrs
Male 80%
CAD 11 (42%)
Diabetes Mellitus 5 (19%)
Hypertension 20 (77%)
Dyslipidemia 17 (65%)
Chronic Kidney Disease 1 (4%)
Family History of CAD 5 (19%)
Tobacco 8 (31%)
Acute Coronary Syndrome 7 (27%)
LVSD 3 (12%)
LAD 15 (58%)
RCA 7 (27%)
LCx 3 (12%)
Ramus 1 (4%)
Operator Selected 3D Assisted p-value
Foreshortening 9.2 ± 7.6% 2.8 ± 2.7% 0.0003
Table 2: Operator selected vs. 3D assisted optimal working view foreshortening.
Length in mm P-value
Actual stent length 18.6 ± 6.5
3D assisted stent length 19.4 ± 6 0.663
Operator stent length 19.2 ± 7 0.74

3D= three dimensional

Table 3: Comparison of operator predicted, 3D assisted and actual stent length used.

Figure 1: Three Dimensional coronary models reconstructed from two planar angiograms.

Figure 2: 3DRA analysis of the mid-LAD lesion.
A) and B) Initial RAO CAUD and LAO CAUD projections > 30° in angulation utilized for 3D coronary model reconstruction. C) 3D model in operator selected view of RAO 1/CAUD 39 projection with 17% foreshortening as described on the Optimal View Map (OVM). B) Rotated 3D reconstruction to RAO 45/CRAN 30 minimizing the foreshortening to 0% while enabling visualization of the first diagonal branch.
3D= three dimensional, CRAN= cranial, CAUD= caudal, LAD=left anterior descending artery, RAO= right anterior oblique

Figure 3: 3DRA assisted optimal view projection of the mid-LAD minimizing foreshortening and overlap.
A) 3DRA assisted projection of the post-PCI mid-LAD illustrating well separated diagonal branches (circles) with a minimally foreshortened mid-LAD. B) Prior operator selected view of the mid-LAD with an obscured first diagonal branch and overlapped second diagonal (circle). The impact of foreshortening length estimation is noted with a 17% difference length of the segment between the two diagonal branches in panel A versus panel B.
3DRA= three dimensional reconstruction, CRAN= cranial, LAD=left anterior descending artery, PCI= percutaneous coronary intervention