
Figure 1: Comparison of all studied groups with respect to TIMI flow score.
| Group A(No= 30) | Group B(No= 30) | Group C(No= 31) | StatisticalTest | P- Value | |
| Age Median (IQR) | 58 (53 – 60) | 56 (53 – 60) | 59 (53 – 63) | KW= 1.7 | 0.43 (NS) |
| Gender (M/F) | 30/0 | 30/0 | 31/0 | ------------- | ------------- |
| HTN | 19 (63.3%) | 19 (63.3%) | 22 (71%) | X2 = 0.53 | 0.78 (NS) |
| DM | 16 (53%) | 12 (40%) | 18 (58.1%) | X2 = 2.13 | 0.35 (NS) |
| Smoking | 18 (60%) | 18 (60%) | 12 (38.7%) | X2 = 3.7 | 0.16 (NS) |
| Dyslipidemia | 14 (46.7%) | 17 (56.7%) | 15 (48.4%) | X2 = 0.69 | 0.71 (NS) |
Table 1: Demographic & risk factors comparison between different studied groups
| Group A(No= 30) | Group B(No= 30) | Group C(No= 31) | Stat.Test | P- Value | |
| Stent apposition | 18 | 30 | 31 | 28.1* | < 0.001 (HS) |
| Full stent Expansion | 0 | 17 | 21 | 32.9* | < 0.001 (HS) |
| Malapposition | 12 | 0 | 0 | 28.1* | < 0.001 (HS) |
| Minimal Residual Stenosis | 30 | 14 | 10 | 32* | < 0.001 (HS) |
| Uniform Stent Expansion | 30 | 30 | 31 | ----- | ------- |
| Absence of edge dissection | 30 | 30 | 31 | ----- | ------- |
| Plaque Prolapse | 0 | 0 | 0 | ----- | ------- |
| Proximal reference external elastic membrane area (mm2) | 7.9 (6.9 – 10) | 8 (7.4 – 10.4) | 9.8 (7.4 – 10.1) | 2.9** | 0.23 (NS) |
| Proximal reference lumen area (mm2) | 6.5 (5.7 – 9.1) | 6.8 (6.3 – 9.3) | 9.6 (7.1 – 9.7) | 15.2** | 0.001 (S) |
| Distal reference external elastic membrane area (mm2) | 8.5 (6.6 – 10.4) | 9.1 (6.9 – 10.7) | 10.3 (7.5 – 13.1) | 6.3** | 0.043 (S) |
| Distal reference lumen area (mm2) | 6.4 (5.6 – 9) | 6.6 (6.2 – 9.1) | 9.4 (7 – 9.6) | 17.5** | < 0.001 (HS) |
| MLD (mm2) | 2.9 (2.7 – 3.4) | 2.9 (2.8 – 3.4) | 3.4 (3 – 3.5) | 15.5** | < 0.001 (HS) |
| MLA (mm2) | 6.3 (5.5 – 9) | 6.6 (6.2 – 9.1) | 8.8 (7 – 9.6) | 16.2** | < 0.001 (HS) |
Table 2: Comparison of all studied groups with respect to IVUS data
**KW: Kruskal Willis test.
*X2: Chi-square test
IQR: inter-quartile range
| IVUS Parameters | Group A(No= 30) | Group B(No= 30) | Group C(No= 31) | Stat.Test | P- Value | |||
| YES | NO | YES | NO | YES | NO | |||
| Full Stent Expansion | 0 | 30 | 17 | 30 | 22 | 10 | ||
| Appropriate Stent Apposition | 18 | 12 | 30 | 0 | 31 | 0 | ||
| Minimal Residual Stenosis | 30 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 31 | 0 | ||
| Adequate Stent Expansion | 27 | 3 | 30 | 0 | 31 | 0 | ||
| Absence of Complications | 30 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 31 | 0 | ||
| SUCCESSFUL | 0 (0%) | 17 (56.7%) | 22 (71%) | 35* | < 0.001 (hs) | |||
Table 3: Comparison of all studied groups regarding the success criteria
*X2: Chi-square test
| B | SE | Odds | 95% CI | P-value | |
| AGE | 0.012 | 0.038 | 1.012 | (0.94 - 1.09) | 0.743 |
| Hypertension | 0.142 | 0.446 | 1.153 | (0.48 - 2.76) | 0.750 |
| Diabetes mellites | -0.595 | 0.429 | 0.552 | (0.23 - 1.27) | 0.166 |
| Smoking | 0.647 | 0.429 | 1.910 | (0.82 - 4.43) | 0.131 |
| Dyslipidemia | -0.051 | 0.424 | 0.950 | (0.41 - 2.18) | 0.904 |
| Coronary artery affected | -0.104 | 0.105 | 0.901 | (0.73 - 1.11) | 0.325 |
| Location of stenosis | 0.069 | 0.311 | 1.071 | (0.58 - 1.97) | 0.825 |
| % of stenosis | -0.102 | 0.053 | 0.903 | (0.81 - 1.00) | 0.052 |
| Type of the lesion | 1.065 | 0.245 | 2.9 | (1.8 - 4.7) | <0.001 |
| Calcification | 2.148 | 0.527 | 8.568 | (3.05 - 24.08) | <0.001 |
| Length of lesion | 0.023 | 0.053 | 1.023 | (0.92 - 1.14) | 0.671 |
| No. of balloon inflation | -1.84 | 0.38 | 0.16 | (0.08 - 0.33) | <0.001 |
| Stent length | 0.020 | 0.055 | 1.020 | (0.92 - 1.14) | 0.713 |
| Stent diameter | -0.797 | 0.589 | 0.451 | (0.14 - 1.43) | 0.176 |
| Inflation pressure | -0.27 | 0.12 | 0.76 | (0.6 - 0.97) | 0.03 |
| TIMI flow score | -20.975 | 23206 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 |
| MBG score | -1.8 | 0.5 | 0.16 | (0.06 - 0.42) | <0.001 |
| Stent apposition | -21.178 | 11603 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 |
| Full stent Expansion | -25.154 | 6520 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.997 |
| Malapposition | 21.178 | 11603 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 |
| Minimal Residual Stenosis | 24.461 | 6608 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.997 |
| Proximal reference external elastic membrane area | -0.26 | 0.13 | 0.77 | (0.6 - 0.99) | 0.04 |
| Proximal reference lumen area | -0.279 | 0.123 | 0.756 | (0.59 - 0.96) | 0.023 |
| Distal reference external elastic membrane area | -0.057 | 0.081 | 0.945 | (0.81 - 1.11) | 0.483 |
| Distal reference lumen area | -0.293 | 0.126 | 0.746 | (0.58 - 0.95) | 0.02 |
| Minimal luminal diameter (MLD) | -1.370 | 0.596 | 0.254 | (0.08 - 0.82) | 0.022 |
| Minimal luminal area (MLA) | -0.319 | 0.127 | 0.727 | (0.57 - 0.93) | 0.012 |
Table 4: Predictors of stent deployment failure
B: Regression coefficient, SE: Standard error, CI: Confidence interval.
| Stent Deployment by IVUS | Stat. test | P- Value | |||
| Successful(No= 39) | Failed(No= 52) | ||||
| No. of balloon inflations | 1 | 0 (0%) | 30 (57.5%) | 34.8* | < 0.001(HS) |
| 2 | 17 (43.6%) | 13 (25.0%) | |||
| 3 | 22 (56.4%) | 9 (17.3%) | |||
| Inflation pressure | Median(IQR) | 16 (14 – 16) | 14 (14 – 16) | 734** | 0.02(S) |
| MBG score | Grade 0 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 15.2 | < 0.001(HS) |
| Grade 1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Grade 2 | 17 (43.6%) | 43 (82.7%) | |||
| Grade 3 | 22 (56.4%) | 9 (17.3%) | |||
Table 5: Predictors of stent deployment success & its impact on MBG
*X2: Chi-square test. ** MW: Mann–Whitney U test IQR: inter-quartile range
| Stent Deployment by IVUS | X2 | P- Value | |||
| Successful(No= 39) | Failed(No= 52) | ||||
| Type of lesion | A | 34 (87.2%) | 16 (30.8%) | 30.1 | < 0.001 (HS) |
| B1 | 4 (10.3%) | 19 (36.6%) | |||
| B2 | 0 (0%) | 12 (23.1%) | |||
| C | 1 (2.6%) | 5 (9.5%) | |||
| Calcifications | Mild Calcification | 34 (87.2% | 20 (38.5%) | 22.9 | < 0.001 (HS) |
| Moderate Calcification | 5 (12.8%) | 22 (42.3%) | |||
| Severe Calcification | 0 (0%) | 10 (19.2%) | |||
Table 6: Impact of lesion type & calcification on successful stent deployment
X2: Chi-square test.

Figure 1: Comparison of all studied groups with respect to TIMI flow score.

Figure 2: Comparison of all studied groups with respect to MBG score.
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance