Table 1

	Total	Female	Male
Increased LV mass	121 (25.0%)	50	71
Increased LV mass index	111 (22.9%)	43	68

Table 1: Prevalence of increased LV mass and LV mass index

Table 2

ECG criteria	Positive case (%)	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity(95% CI)	Positive predictive value(95%CI)	Negative predictive value(95% CI)	ROC area (95% CI)
Cornell	41 (8.5%)	25.2% (21.36-29.09%)	96.5% (94.89-98.15%)	68.3% (64.15-72.43%)	81.3% (77.84-84.78%)	0.61 (0.57-0.65)
Romhilt-Estes	38 (7.8%)	26.1% (22.22-30.04%)	97.6% (96.23-98.96%)	76.3% (72.53-80.10%)	81.7% (78.21-85.10%)	0.62 (0.58-0.66)
Sokolow-Lyon	19 (3.9%)	13.5% (10.47-16.56%)	98.9% (98.02-99.85%)	79.0% (75.32-82.58%)	79.4% (75.80-83.00%)	0.56 (0.53-0.59)
Peguero-LoPresti	57 (11.8%)	33.3% (29.14-37.53%)	94.7% (92.56-96.65%)	64.9% (60.66-69.16%)	82.7% (79.34-86.08%)	0.64 (0.59-0.68)
Meet ≥ 1 standard criteria	96 (19.8%)	52.3% (47.81-56.70%)	89.8% (87.15-92.53%)	60.4% (56.06-64.77%)	86.4% (83.32-89.43%)	0.71 (0.66-0.76)
Meet ≥ 2 standard criteria	43 (8.9%)	31.5% (27.40-35.67%)	97.9% (96.57-99.15%)	81.4% (77.93-84.86%)	82.8% (79.45-86.16%)	0.64 (0.60-0.69)
Meet ≥ 3 standard criteria	15 (3.1%)	13.5% (10.47-16.56%)	100.0% (100.00-100.00%)	100.0% (100.00-100,00%)	79.6% (75.99-83.16%)	0.57 (0.54-0.60)
Meet all 4 standard criteria	1 (0.2%)	0.9% (0.06-1.74%)	100.0% (100.00-100.00%)	100.0% (100.00-100,00%)	77.3% (73.54-81.00%)	0.50 (0.50-0.51)

Table 2: Diagnostic performance of standard ECG-LVH criteria for detecting increased LV mass index

Table 3

	Male				Female
ECG criteria	Positive case	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity(95% CI)	ROC area (95% CI)	Positive case	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity(95% CI)	ROC area (95% CI)	P
Cornell	11	16.2% (11.60-20.75%)	97.2% (95.20-99.27%)	0.57 (0.52-0.61)	17	39.5% (33.30-45.77%)	95.9% (93.31-98.40%)	0.68 (0.60-0.75)	0.01
Romhilt-Estes	15	22.1% (16.91-27.21%)	96.7% (94.46-98.91%)	0.59 (0.54-0.65)	14	32.6% (26.58-38.54%)	98.5% (96.87-100.0%)	0.66 (0.58-0.72)	0.17
Sokolow-Lyon	10	14.7% (10.31-19.110%)	97.8% (95.96-99.62%)	0.56 (0.52-0.61)	5	11.6% (7.54-15.72%)	100.0% (100.00-100.00%)	0.56 (0.51-0.61)	0.90
Peguero-LoPresti	24	35.3% (29.36-41.23%)	94.5% (91.64-97.31%)	0.65 (0.59-0.71)	13	30.2 (24.37-36.09%)	94.8% (91.99-97.65%)	0.63 (0.55-0.79)	0.62

Table 3: Subgroup analysis by gender for diagnostic performance of standard ECG-LVH criteria in detecting increased LV mass index

Tables at a glance

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Figures at a glance

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

FIGURE 1

Figure 1: Stepwise algorithm for ECG-based LVH detection incorporating standard and additional (A1–A4) criteria

* A1–A4 represent additional criteria applied only when standard criteria are not met.

FIGURE 2

Figure 2: Flowchart of patient enrollment

FIGURE 3

Figure 3: ROC curve analysis of ECG-LVH criteria for detecting elevated LV mass index. A3: represents left atrial enlargement (LAE), A4: represents lateral T-wave changes.

FIGURE 4

Figure 4: Central illustration. DCM: Dilated Cardiomyopathy, LVH: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.