|
NG |
CR |
CH |
EH |
P value |
Men (%) |
102 (65) |
313 (72) |
274 (67) |
31 (74) |
n.s. |
Age (year) |
64.0 |
66.0 |
66.0 |
63.0 |
n.s. |
Height (cm) |
163.6±8.7 |
163.3±8.7 |
162.1±9.3 |
164.2±8.1 |
n.s. |
BW (kg) |
64.1±12.0 |
66.2±13.4 |
66.6±13.1 |
68.3±12.1 |
n.s. |
BMI (kg/m2) |
23.6 |
23.9 |
25.0 |
24.8 |
**NG to CH |
HR (bpm) |
64 |
66 |
67 |
67 |
*NG to CR |
Cre (mg/dl) |
0.79 |
0.82 |
0.86 |
0.88 |
***NG to CH |
TC (mg/dl) |
187±41 |
196±42 |
195±45 |
184±39 |
n.s. |
TG (mg/dl) |
144±130 |
150±110 |
144±125 |
120±64 |
n.s. |
LDL (mg/dl) |
106±35 |
114±36 |
116±36 |
109±34 |
*NG to CH |
HDL (mg/dl) |
55±15 |
52±16 |
51±15 |
49±15 |
*NG to CH |
BNP (pg/ml) |
22.5 |
28.5 |
72.1 |
144.0 |
***NG to CH |
HbA1c (%) |
5.8 |
5.8 |
6.0 |
5.7 |
**NG to CH |
Smoking (%) |
20 (13) |
62 (14) |
86 (21) |
7 (17) |
*CR to CH |
CVD (%) |
7 (4) |
61 (14) |
87 (21) |
4 (10) |
*NG to CR |
CAD (%) |
48 (31) |
125 (29) |
136 (33) |
17 (40) |
n.s. |
HT (%) |
84 (54) |
314 (72) |
359 (87) |
25 (59) |
***NG to CR |
DM (%) |
45 (29) |
182 (42) |
183 (44) |
13 (31) |
*NG to CR |
DL (%) |
96 (61) |
315 (73) |
297 (72) |
28 (67) |
*NG to CR |
Ca-b (%) |
52 (33) |
178 (41) |
190 (46) |
14 (33) |
*NG to CH |
ARB (%) |
41 (26) |
181 (42) |
189 (46) |
15 (36) |
**NG to CR |
a-b (%) |
2 (1) |
3 (1) |
17 (4) |
4 (9) |
*NG to EH |
ß- b (%) |
19 (12) |
66 (15) |
117 (28) |
13 (31) |
***NG to CH |
Diuretics (%) |
7 (4) |
26 (6) |
79 (19) |
12 (29) |
***NG to CH |
Table 1: Clinical characteristics of subjects
Values expressed as mean (SD) or number (%), and median (interquartile range). *p< 0.05, **p< 0.01,***p< 0.001 Abbreviations: NG, normal geometry; CR, concentric remodeling; CH, concentric hypertrophy; EH, eccentric hypertrophy; BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; bpm, beats per minute; Cre, creatinine; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BNP, plasma brain natriuretic peptide; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; DL, dyslipidemia; Ca-b, calcium channel blocker; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; a-b, a blocker; ß- b, ßblocker.
|
Univariate |
|
Multivariate |
|
Variables |
r |
Pvalue |
ß |
Pvalue |
Age |
0.086 |
<0.01 |
|
|
BMI |
0.116 |
<0.001 |
|
|
HR |
0.207 |
<0.001 |
0.130 |
<0.001 |
SBP |
0.309 |
<0.001 |
0.233 |
<0.001 |
DBP |
0.269 |
<0.001 |
|
|
Cre |
0.098 |
<0.01 |
0.085 |
<0.01 |
TC |
0.032 |
n.s. |
|
|
TG |
0.114 |
<0.001 |
|
|
LDL |
0.098 |
<0.01 |
0.069 |
<0.05 |
HDL |
-0.156 |
<0.001 |
-0.127 |
<0.001 |
CAVI |
0.245 |
<0.001 |
0.152 |
<0.001 |
Table 2A. The correlations between RWT and each parameter in the NG, CR and CH groups
Age, BMI, HR, SBP, DBP, Cre, TC, TG, LDL, HDL and CAVI were investigated.
Abbreviations: RWT, relative wall thickness; NG, normal geometry; CR, concentric remodeling; CH, concentric hypertrophy; BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Cre, creatinine; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CAVI, cardio ankle vascular index.
|
Univariate |
|
Multivariate |
|
variables |
r |
Pvalue |
ß |
Pvalue |
Age |
0.175 |
<0.05 |
|
|
BMI |
-0.096 |
n.s. |
|
|
HR |
-0.079 |
n.s. |
|
|
SBP |
0.027 |
n.s. |
|
|
DBP |
0.025 |
n.s. |
|
|
Cre |
-0.060 |
n.s. |
|
|
TC |
-0.042 |
n.s. |
|
|
TG |
0.002 |
n.s. |
|
|
LDL |
-0.126 |
n.s. |
|
|
HDL |
0.045 |
n.s. |
|
|
CAVI |
0.141 |
<0.05 |
0.187 |
<0.01 |
Table 2B. The correlations between RWT and each parameter in the NG and EH groups
Age, BMI, HR, SBP, DBP, Cre, TC, TG, LDL, HDL and CAVI were investigated.
Abbreviations: RWT, relative wall thickness; NG, normal geometry; EH, eccentric hypertrophy; TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CAVI, cardio ankle vascular index.
|
Univariate |
|
Multivariate |
|
variables |
r |
Pvalue |
ß |
Pvalue |
Age |
0.059 |
n.s. |
|
|
0.127 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
HR |
-0.024 |
n.s. |
|
|
0.281 |
<0.001 |
0.278 |
<0.001 |
|
0.183 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
0.253 |
<0.001 |
0.170 |
<0.001 |
|
TC |
-0.082 |
<0.05 |
|
|
TG |
0.016 |
n.s. |
|
|
LDL |
-0.015 |
n.s. |
|
|
-0.157 |
<0.001 |
-0.073 |
<0.05 |
|
CAVI |
0.171 |
<0.001 |
0.068 |
<0.05 |
Table 3A. The correlations between LVMI and each parameter in the NG, CR and CH groups
Age, BMI, HR, SBP, DBP, Cre, TC, TG, LDL, HDL and CAVI were investigated.
Abbreviations:LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NG, normal geometry; CR, concentric remodeling; CH, concentric hypertrophy; BMI, body mass index;SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Cre, creatinine; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CAVI, cardio ankle vascular index.
|
Univariate |
|
Multivariate |
|
variables |
r |
Pvalue |
ß |
Pvalue |
Age |
0.053 |
n.s. |
|
|
BMI |
0.142 |
<0.05 |
0.139 |
<0.05 |
HR |
0.067 |
n.s. |
|
|
SBP |
0.099 |
n.s. |
|
|
DBP |
0.037 |
n.s. |
|
|
Cre |
0.298 |
<0.001 |
0.347 |
<0.001 |
TC |
-0.168 |
<0.05 |
|
|
TG |
0.025 |
n.s. |
|
|
LDL |
-0.132 |
n.s. |
|
|
HDL |
-0.195 |
<0.01 |
|
|
CAVI |
0.125 |
n.s. |
|
|
Table 3B. The correlations between LVMI and each parameter in the NG and EH groups
Age, BMI, HR, SBP, DBP, Cre, TC, TG, LDL, HDL and CAVI were investigated.
Abbreviations:LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NG, normal geometry; EH, eccentric hypertrophy; BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Cre, creatinine.
Figure 1. Blood pressure and CAVI in the 4 groups of left ventricular geometry patterns.
Values are median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; NG, normal geometry; CR, concentric remodeling; CH, concentric hypertrophy; EH, eccentric hypertrophy.
Figure 2. Ejection fraction and e’ in the 4 groups of left ventricular geometry patterns.
Values are median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: EF, ejection fraction.
Figure 3.The two continuums in the left ventricular geometries Abbreviations: RWT, relative wall thickness; LVMI, left ventricular mass index.
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance