1. O’Reilly DJ, Hopkins RB, Healey JS (2013) The burden of atrial fibrillation on the hospital sector in Canada. 29: 229-35.
  2. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, et al. (1998) Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 98: 946-52.
  3. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB (1991) Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 22: 983-8.
  4. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM, D’agostino RB, Belanger AJ, et al. (1994) Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort: the Framingham Heart Study 271: 840-4.
  5. Olesen JB, Fauchier L, Lane DA, Taillandier S, Lip GYJC (2012) Risk factors for stroke and thromboembolism in relation to age among patients with atrial fibrillation: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project 141: 147-53.
  6. Trusz-Gluza M, Filipecki A, Urbańczyk-Świć DJPAMW (2015) Patients with atrial fibrillation and low risk of stroke: do they really Reed anticoagulation. 125: 678-84.
  7. Thrall G, Lane D, Carroll D, Lip GY (2006) Quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. The Ame J med 119: 448.
  8. Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Manolio TA (1994) Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly subjects (the Cardiovascular Health Study). 74: 236-41.
  9. Coyne KS, Paramore C, Grandy S, Mercader M, Reynolds M, et al. (2006) Assessing the direct costs of treating nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the United States 9: 348-56.
  10. Kalaria RN (2003) Vascular factors in Alzheimer’s disease. International Psychogeriatrics 15: 47-52.
  11. de la Torre JC (2004) Is Alzheimer’s disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, and dialectics. The Lancet Neurology 3: 184-90.
  12. De La Torre JC, Hachinski V (1997) Cerebrovascular pathology in Alzheimer’s disease: New York Academy of Sciences.
  13. Lavy S, Stern S, Melamed E, Cooper G, Keren A, et al. (1980) Effect of chronic atrial fibrillation on regional cerebral blood flow. Stroke 11: 35-8.
  14. Petersen P, Kastrup J, Videbæk R, Boysen G (1989) Cerebral blood flow before and after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9: 422-5.
  15. Gaita F, Corsinovi L, Anselmino M (2013) Prevalence of silent cerebral ischemia in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation and correlation with cognitive function. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 62: 1990-7.
  16. Kalantarian S, Stern TA, Mansour M, Ruskin JN (2013) Cognitive Impairment Associated With Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine 158: 338-46.
  17. de Bruijn RF, Heeringa J, Wolters FJ (2015) Association between atrial fibrillation and dementia in the general population. JAMA neurology 72: 1288-94.
  18. Marzona I, O’donnell M, Teo K (2012) Increased risk of cognitive and functional decline in patients with atrial fibrillation: results of the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies 184: E329-E36.
  19. Jacobs V, Woller SC, Stevens S (2014) Time outside of therapeutic range in atrial fibrillation patients is associated with long-term risk of dementia. Heart rhythm 11: 2206-13.
  20. Jacobs V, May HT, Bair TL (2016) Long-term population-based cerebral ischemic event and cognitive outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin among long-term anticoagulated patients for atrial fibrillation. The American journal of cardiology 118: 210-4.
  21. Skanes AC, Healey JS, Cairns JA (2012) Focused 2012 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society atrial fibrillation guidelines: recommendations for stroke prevention and rate/rhythm control 28: 125-36.
  22. Cupples LA, Gagnon DR, Wong ND, Ostfeld AM, Kannel WB (1993) Preexisting cardiovascular conditions and long-term prognosis after initial myocardial infarction: the Framingham Study. American heart J125: 863-72.
  23. Dennis MS, Burn J, Sandercock P, Bamford J, Wade D, Warlow C (1993) Long-term survival after first-ever stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Stroke 24: 796-800.
  24. Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, De Vos CB, Crijns HJ, et al. (2010) A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 138: 1093-100.
  25. Lip GY, Lanitis T, Mardekian J, Kongnakorn T, Phatak H, et al. (2015) Clinical and economic implications of apixaban versus aspirin in the low-risk nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients 46: 2830-7.
  26. Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Joyner C (2011) Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. New England J Med 364: 806-17.
  27. Dorian P, Kongnakorn T, Phatak H (2014) Cost-effectiveness of apixaban vs. current standard of care for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. 35: 1897-906.
  28. Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J (2011) Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. New England J Med 365: 883-91.
  29. Mensch A, Stock S, Stollenwerk B, Müller D (2015) Cost effectiveness of rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in German patients with atrial fibrillation. Pharmacoeconomics 33: 271-83.
  30. Friberg L, Rosenqvist M (2017) Less dementia with oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. European heart J 39: 453-60.
  31. Spackman DE, Kadiyala S, Neumann PJ, Veenstra DL, Sullivan SD (2012) Measuring Alzheimer disease progression with transition probabilities: estimates from NACC-UDS. Current Alzheimer research 9: 1050.
  32. Sullivan PW, Lawrence WF, Ghushchyan V. A national catalog of preference-based scores for chronic conditions in the United States. Medical care 2005: 736-49.
  33. Sullivan PW, Arant TW, Ellis SL, Ulrich H (2006) The Cost Effectiveness of Anticoagulation Management Services for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and at High Risk of Stroke in the US. Pharmaco Economics 24: 1021-33.
  34. Miller JD, Ye X, Lenhart GM (2016) Cost-effectiveness of edoxaban versus rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in the US. ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research: CEOR 8: 215.
  35. Neumann PJ, Hermann R, Kuntz K (1999) Cost-effectiveness of donepezil in the treatment of mild or moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 52: 1138.
  36. Ruiz Vargas E, Sposato LA, Lee SA, Hachinski V, Cipriano LE (2018) Anticoagulation Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Stroke 49: 2844-50.
  37. Sorensen SV, Kansal AR, Connolly S (2011) Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation: a Canadian payer perspective. Thrombosis and haemostasis 105: 908-19.
  38. Coyle D, Coyle K, Cameron C (2013) Cost-effectiveness of new oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin in preventing stroke and other cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Value in health 16: 498-506.
  39. Getsios D, Caro J, Caro Gf, Ishak K, Group AS (2001) Assessment of health economics in Alzheimer’s disease (AHEAD): galantamine treatment in Canada. Neurology 57: 972-8.
  40. Tanuseputro P, Wodchis WP, Fowler R (2015) The health care cost of dying: a population-based retrospective cohort study of the last year of life in Ontario, Canada. PloS one 10: e0121759.
  41. Quebec RdlAMd. List of medicines. February 20, 2020.
  42. Calculator I. Bank of Canada.
  43. CADTH (2017) Guidelines for the economic evaluation of health technologies: Canada.
  44. Freeman JV, Zhu RP, Owens DK (2011) Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran compared with warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Annals of internal medicine 154: 1-11.
  45. Kansal AR, Sorensen SV, Gani R (2012) Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in UK patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart 98: 573-8.
  46. Shah SV, Gage BF (2011) Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran for stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. Circulation 123: 2562-70.
  47. Zheng Y, Sorensen SV, Gonschior A-K (2014) Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of new oral anticoagulants for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation in a UK setting. Clinical therapeutics 36: 2015-28.
  48. Wells G, Coyle D, Cameron C (2012) Therapeutic Review: Safety, Effectiveness, and Cost-Effectiveness of New Oral Anticoagulants Compared with Warfarin in Preventing Stroke and Other Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health.
  49. Stevanovic J, Pompen M, Le H, Rozenbaum M, Postma M (2014) Economic Evaluation of Apixaban for the Prevention of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation in the Netherlands. Value in Health16: A529-A30.
  50. Lip GY, Kongnakorn T, Phatak H (2014) Cost-effectiveness of apixaban versus other new oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Clinical therapeutics 36: 192-210.
  51. de Jong LA, Groeneveld J, Stevanovic J (2019) Cost-effectiveness of apixaban compared to other anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation in the real-world and trial settings. PloS one 2019: 14.
  52. Bellone M, Pradelli L, Bo M (2018) Estimating the cost-effectiveness of treatment for prevention of thromboembolic events in at-risk adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Farmeconomia Health economics and therapeutic pathways 2018: 19.
  53. Harrington AR, Armstrong EP, Nolan Jr PE, Malone DCJS (2013) Cost-effectiveness of apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation 44: 1676-81.
  54. Lee S, Anglade MW, Pisacane R, Kluger J, Coleman CIJTAjoc (2012) Cost–effectiveness of rivaroxaban compared to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation 110: 845-51.
  55. Lip GY, Skjøth F, Rasmussen LH, Larsen TBJJotACoC (2015) Oral anticoagulation, aspirin, or no therapy in patients with nonvalvular AF with 0 or 1 stroke risk factor based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score 65: 1385-94.