Figure 1: Distribution of the population of study according to their age
Variables |
Mean±standard deviation |
Range |
The patients’ age at the time of catheterization (Years) |
4.77±2.69 |
1.40-13.90 |
The patients’ weight at the time of catheterization (Kg) |
16.27±6.05 |
9.00-40.00 |
The patients’ body surface area at the time of catheterization (m2) |
0.69±0.21 |
0.43-1.28 |
Size of the VSDs (Millimeters) |
6.73±2.37 |
4.00-14.00 |
Size of the occluder device (Millimeters) |
8.52±2.32 |
6.00-16.00 |
Duration of follow-up (Months) |
15.76±12.20 |
2.00-48.00 |
Table 1: Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients
Variables |
Mean ± SD |
The percentage of patients with Z- score≥ 2 |
The percentage of the patients with Z- score≤ -2 |
IVSd Z- Score (cm) |
3.59 ± 2.48 |
84.6 |
0 |
IVSs Z- Score (cm) |
1.44±1.07 |
23.8 |
0 |
LVIDd Z- Score (cm) |
1.72 ± 1.20 |
38.5 |
0 |
LVIDs Z- Score (cm) |
1.27 ± 1.39 |
34.6 |
0 |
LVPWd Z- Score (cm) |
2.42 ± 1.59 |
65.4 |
0 |
LVPWs Z- Score (cm) |
-0.57±1.08 |
0 |
9.5 |
EF% |
68.78 ± 9.69 |
- |
- |
FS% |
38.56 ± 7.72 |
- |
- |
Table 2: M-mode echocardiographic data of left ventricle
|
Mean ± SD |
The percentage of patients with Z- score≥ 2 |
The percentage of patients with Z- score≤ -2 |
ET Z- Score |
0.38±1.14 |
6.9 |
3.4 |
AT Z- Score |
0.83±1.14 |
17.9 |
0 |
ET/AT Z- Score |
-0.37±0.93 |
0 |
3.6 |
EM Z- Score |
-0.60±0.80 |
0 |
9.1 |
AM Z- Score |
0.09±1.04 |
6.1 |
0 |
EM/AM Z- Score |
-0.50±0.77 |
0 |
0 |
EaT Z-Score |
-0.78±1.11 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
AaT Z-Score |
0.60±1.22 |
11.5 |
0 |
EaM Z-Score |
-0.87±1.10 |
0 |
17.1 |
AaM Z-Score |
0.63±1.17 |
7.1 |
0 |
ET/EaT Z-Score |
1.31±1.43 |
36.4 |
0 |
EM/EaM Z-Score |
0.33±0.89 |
9.1 |
0 |
Table 3: Inflow Doppler and tissue Doppler data of the tricuspid and mitral valves
Variable |
Group |
||
Age ≤3 year (12 patients) |
Age >3 year (34 patients) |
P-value |
|
Mean± SD |
Mean± SD |
||
IVSd Z-Score |
3.80±1.54 |
3.50±2.84 |
0.129 |
IVSs Z-Score |
1.88±0.83 |
1.27±1.13 |
0.267 |
LVIDd Z-Score |
2.28±1.32 |
1.47±1.09 |
0.196 |
LVIDs Z-Score |
0.85±1.72 |
1.45±1.23 |
0.429 |
LVPWd Z-Score |
2.45±1.62 |
2.41±1.62 |
0.892 |
LVPWs Z-Score |
-0.02±0.33 |
-0.80±1.21 |
0.112 |
LVEF |
73.47±9.28 |
67.03±9.38 |
0.055 |
LVFS |
42.23±8.00 |
37.18±7.27 |
0.067 |
EM Z-Score |
-0.41±0.94 |
-0.69±0.74 |
0.585 |
AM Z-Score |
-0.18±1.02 |
0.22±1.04 |
0.281 |
EM/AM Z-Score |
-0.18±0.80 |
-0.65±0.73 |
0.166 |
ET Z-Score |
0.09±1.04 |
0.55±1.20 |
0.387 |
AT Z-Score |
0.59±0.80 |
0.98±1.31 |
0.458 |
ET/AT Z-Score |
-0.47±0.73 |
-0.31±1.06 |
1.000 |
EaM Z-Score |
-0.81±1.25 |
-0.91±1.04 |
0.461 |
EM/EaM Z-Score |
0.45±1.09 |
0.27±0.80 |
0.611 |
EaT Z-Score |
-0.95±0.21 |
-1.14±0.53 |
0.031 |
ET/EaT Z-Score |
0.60±0.77 |
1.81±1.59 |
0.051 |
AaM Z-Score |
1.04±1.45 |
0.42±0.97 |
0.327 |
AaT Z-Score |
0.60±1.84 |
0.60±0.69 |
0.220 |
Table 4: Results of the studies at 6-months
Variable |
Group |
p-value |
|
Weight ≤15 Kg (13 patients) |
Weight >15 Kg (33 patients) |
||
Mean± SD |
Mean± SD |
||
IVSd Z-Score |
3.55±1.54 |
3.63±3.14 |
0.297 |
IVSs Z-Score |
1.67±0.71 |
1.24±1.32 |
0.314 |
LVIDd Z-Score |
2.09±1.23 |
1.41±1.14 |
0.193 |
LVIDs Z-Score |
0.86±1.77 |
1.62±0.88 |
0.432 |
LVPWd Z-Score |
2.45±1.33 |
2.40±1.84 |
0.899 |
LVPWs Z-Score |
-0.04±1.12 |
-1.06±0.84 |
0.008 |
LVEF |
73.63±9.92 |
66.96±9.10 |
0.037 |
LVFS |
42.47±8.56 |
37.09±6.97 |
0.043 |
EM Z-Score |
-0.50±0.65 |
-0.65±0.89 |
0.927 |
AM Z-Score |
-0.39±0.75 |
0.37±1.09 |
0.089 |
EM/AM Z-Score |
-0.08±0.82 |
-0.73±0.65 |
0.036 |
ET Z-Score |
0.41±0.96 |
0.36±1.26 |
0.946 |
AT Z-Score |
0.87±0.72 |
1.14±1.22 |
0.045 |
ET/AT Z-Score |
0.58±0.23 |
-0.63±0.95 |
0.018 |
EaM Z-Score |
-0.88±0.93 |
-0.87±1.19 |
0.400 |
EM/EaM Z-Score |
0.36±0.98 |
0.31±0.86 |
0.868 |
EaT Z-Score |
-0.28±1.70 |
-1.05±0.52 |
0.220 |
ET/EaT Z-Score |
0.97±1.41 |
1.47±1.46 |
0.490 |
AaM Z-Score |
0.82±1.59 |
0.54±0.91 |
0.745 |
AaT Z-Score |
0.60±1.36 |
0.60±1.19 |
0.634 |
Table 5: Results of the studies at 6-months
Variable |
Group |
p-value |
|
VSD ≤10 mm (9 patients) |
VSD >10 mm (37 patients) |
||
Mean± SD |
Mean± SD |
||
IVSd Z-Score |
3.32±2.15 |
4.33±3.31 |
0.395 |
IVSs Z-Score |
1.28±0.99 |
2.99±0.16 |
0.038 |
LVIDd Z-Score |
1.81±1.18 |
1.50±1.34 |
0.866 |
LVIDs Z-Score |
1.20±1.52 |
1.46±1.04 |
0.910 |
LVPWd Z-Score |
2.41±1.36 |
2.45±2.23 |
0.735 |
LVPWs Z-Score |
-0.48±1.10 |
-1.46±0.15 |
0.190 |
LVEF |
69.40±9.99 |
67.81±9.40 |
0.673 |
LVFS |
39.07±8.10 |
37.74±7.25 |
0.736 |
EM Z-Score |
-0.56±0.74 |
-0.73±1.03 |
0.726 |
AM Z-Score |
0.00±0.93 |
0.39±1.35 |
0.420 |
EM/AM Z-Score |
-0.46±0.51 |
-0.61±1.35 |
0.290 |
ET Z-Score |
0.54±1.17 |
-0.22±0.88 |
0.158 |
AT Z-Score |
0.78±1.16 |
0.99±1.16 |
0.566 |
ET/AT Z-Score |
-0.26±0.86 |
-0.78±1.14 |
0.460 |
EaM Z-Score |
-0.87±1.18 |
-0.88±.084 |
0.802 |
EM/EaM Z-Score |
0.33±0.91 |
0.33±0.91 |
1.000 |
EaT Z-Score |
-0.96±0.67 |
0.15±2.41 |
0.607 |
ET/EaT Z-Score |
1.43±1.40 |
0.58±1.69 |
0.523 |
AaM Z-Score |
0.38±0.98 |
1.51±1.40 |
0.030 |
AaT Z-Score |
0.47±1.08 |
1.30±1.90 |
0.429 |
Table 6: Comparison of the variables between the patients with VSD less than 10 mm and more than 10 mm
Variable |
Age |
Weight |
VSD size |
|
IVSd Z-Score |
P value |
0.815 |
0.801 |
0.354 |
R |
0.048 |
-0.052 |
-0.219 |
|
IVSs Z-Score |
P value |
0.562 |
0.435 |
0.015 |
R |
-0.134 |
-0.180 |
0.537 |
|
LVIDd Z-Score |
P value |
0.427 |
0.322 |
0.440 |
R |
-0.163 |
-0.202 |
0.183 |
|
LVIDs Z-Score |
P value |
0.637 |
0.747 |
0.605 |
R |
0.097 |
-0.066 |
0.123 |
|
LVPWd Z-Score |
P value |
0.184 |
0.572 |
0.703 |
R |
-0.269 |
-0.116 |
-0.091 |
|
LVPWs Z-Score |
P value |
0.194 |
0.453 |
0.828 |
R |
-0.295 |
-0.173 |
-0.052 |
|
LVEF |
P value |
0.528 |
0.553 |
0.790 |
R |
-0.110 |
-0.122 |
0.053 |
|
EM Z-Score |
P value |
0.562 |
0.202 |
0.015 |
R |
-0.105 |
0.259 |
-0.470 |
|
AM Z-Score |
P value |
0.521 |
0.213 |
0.166 |
R |
0.116 |
0.253 |
-0.280 |
|
ET Z-Score |
P value |
0.115 |
0.038 |
0.206 |
R |
0.299 |
0.426 |
-0.268 |
|
AT Z-Score |
P value |
0.014 |
0.001 |
0.400 |
R |
0.458 |
0.631 |
-0.184 |
|
EaM Z-Score |
P value |
0.672 |
0.075 |
0.164 |
R |
-0.074 |
0.356 |
-0.270 |
|
AaM Z-Score |
P value |
0.277 |
0.939 |
0.615 |
R |
-0.189 |
0.016 |
-0.099 |
|
EaT Z-Score |
P value |
0.298 |
0.821 |
0.251 |
R |
-0.212 |
-0.054 |
0.255 |
|
AaT Z-Score |
P value |
0.963 |
0.176 |
0.702 |
R |
0.010 |
0.315 |
-0.086 |
|
EM/AM Z-Score |
P value |
0.337 |
0.622 |
0.737 |
R |
-0.173 |
-0.102 |
-0.069 |
|
EM/EaM Z-Score |
P value |
0.748 |
0.477 |
0.980 |
R |
-0.058 |
-0.146 |
0.005 |
|
ET/AT Z-Score |
P value |
0.511 |
0.372 |
0.919 |
R |
-0.129 |
-0.195 |
-0.022 |
|
ET/EaT Z-Score |
P value |
0.085 |
0.072 |
0.029 |
R |
0.376 |
0.435 |
-0.499 |
Table 7: Correlation of the echocardiographic variables with age, weight, and VSD size
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance