Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Students (%) |
|
Medical |
18.4 |
Medical residency |
9.2 |
Nursing |
6.1 |
Dental |
6.2 |
Dental residency |
1.8 |
Pharmacology |
13.3 |
Paramedical science |
9.9 |
PhD program |
3.0 |
Associate's degree |
1.9 |
Other Bachelor's programs |
21.2 |
Master's degree |
9.0 |
Table 1:Academic Programs of Survey Respondents (N=1000)
Survey Item |
Yes |
No |
Not sure |
||
Do you think you will ever quit smoking entirely? (N=53) |
47.1% |
24.5% |
28.3% |
||
Are you planning to quit in the next 6 months? (N=48) |
29.1% |
64.5% |
6.2% |
||
In the past 2 years, have you tried to quit using tobacco? (N=53) |
28.3% |
71.6% |
|||
Very Difficult |
Difficult |
Moderately Difficult |
Easy |
Very Easy |
|
If you have tried to quit smoking, how difficult was it? (N=18) |
55.5% |
27.7% |
11.1% |
5.5% |
0 |
Table 2:Intention to Quit Tobacco Use among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences' Students
Survey Item |
|||
How much health risk is there from regularly… |
Low % |
Moderate % |
High % |
Smoking cigarettes? |
7.2 |
21 |
72 |
Using waterpipe (hookah)? |
12.4 |
16.8 |
69 |
Using smokeless tobacco? |
17.6 |
25.7 |
56.7 |
How addictive are… |
Low % |
Moderate % |
High % |
Cigarettes? |
15.3 |
28.1 |
56.6 |
Waterpipe (hookah)? |
22.1 |
35.9 |
42 |
Smokeless tobacco? |
30 |
31.6 |
38.4 |
Should smoking be allowed… |
Allowed % |
Not Allowed % |
Only in designated areas % |
In restaurants? |
7.1 |
71.6 |
31.2 |
In health care facilities? |
4.4 |
80.6 |
15 |
On a university campus? |
12.4 |
70 |
17.6 |
Table 3:Tobacco Knowledge and Attitudes among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences' Students
Survey Item |
Mean* |
Sex § (p<0.01) |
Tobacco use increases popularity among peers |
3.61 |
M |
Tobacco use can cause gum disease |
1.91 |
F |
Tobacco use is a way for people to express their independence |
3.36 |
M |
People who regularly use tobacco have a much harder time performing in sports |
2.55 |
F |
Tobacco uses no more risky than many other things people do |
2.83 |
M |
Tobacco use can cause tooth loss |
1.75 |
F |
A pregnant woman can harm her unborn baby if she uses any form of tobacco |
1.55 |
F |
Tobacco use is an oral health problem |
1.55 |
F |
Young people who use tobacco have more friends |
3.49 |
M |
Tobacco use could lead to oral cancer |
1.76 |
F |
Secondhand smoke can adversely affect the health of nonsmokers |
1.47 |
F |
Quitting tobacco use is mainly a matter of willpower |
1.77 |
F |
Smokeless tobacco is less harmful to an individual user than smoking cigarettes |
3.21 |
M |
Waterpipe (hookah) smoking is less harmful to an individual user than smoking cigarettes |
3.22 |
M |
Smoking is an acceptable way to relax |
3.57 |
M |
Nicotine in tobacco causes cancer |
2.8 |
F |
As a health professions student, I feel I require further training in helping patients quit tobacco |
2.42 |
F |
Patient tobacco use and dependence is difficult to discuss in my professional discipline |
2.91 |
F |
As a health provider, I believe my efforts in addressing tobacco use with patients will be worthwhile |
2.36 |
F |
To help patients stop smoking, other referral agencies or health professionals are generally better equipped than those in my discipline. |
2.51 |
M |
Patients may be offended if I raise the issue of their tobacco use |
2.48 |
F |
* Scale was 5 points: 1=Strongly Agree, 2=Agree, 3=Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4=Disagree, 5= Strongly Disagree § Sex of students having strongest agreement with the survey item. M=Male, F= Female.
Table 4:Tobacco Attitudes among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Health Professions' Students
Survey Item |
Response (p<0.01) |
|
Yes |
No |
|
Have you used tobacco in the last 30 days? |
Dental |
|
Do you or someone you live with smoke at home? |
Medical, Master's students |
|
Totally Agree/Agree |
Disagree/Totally Disagree |
|
People who regularly use tobacco have a much harder time performing in sports. |
Medical, Master's students |
Bachelor's students |
Tobacco use is no more risky than many other things people do. |
Paramedical Science |
Dental |
Young people who use tobacco have more friends. |
Master's students, Dental |
Bachelor's students |
Smokeless tobacco is less harmful to an individual user than smoking cigarettes. |
Bachelor's, Dental |
Medical residents, Pharmacology students |
Waterpipe (hookah) smoking is less harmful to an individual user than smoking cigarettes. |
Nursing, Paramedical Science |
|
Low |
High |
|
How much health risk is there from using smokeless tobacco on a regular basis? |
Dental |
|
How addictive is smokeless tobacco? |
Paramedical Science |
Medical residents |
Table 5:Comparison of Tobacco Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Students of Different Health Professions Programs (N=1000)
Items |
R2 |
Variable |
B |
SE |
P value |
EXP(B) |
95%CI |
|
lower |
upper |
|||||||
Smoking in 30 past days |
0.169 |
female(male ٭ ) |
-1.422 |
280 |
<0.001 |
0.241 |
0.139 |
0.418 |
no one regularly smoke inside home(some one regularly smoke inside home ٭ ) |
-8.8 |
327 |
0.007 |
0.415 |
0.219 |
0.787 |
||
constant |
0.652 |
0.310 |
0.035 |
1.919 |
||||
Smoking at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime |
0.150 |
Most of friends smoke (none of friends smoke ٭ ) |
2.176 |
0.916 |
0.018 |
8.808 |
1.464 |
53.009 |
female(male ٭ ) |
-1.19 |
0.486 |
0.014 |
0.302 |
0.117 |
0.783 |
||
constant |
-1.577 |
0.289 |
<0.001 |
0.206 |
||||
Water pipe use at least 20 times |
0.167 |
Visitors are allowed to smoke inside home(visitors aren't allowed ٭ ) |
1.522 |
0.406 |
<0.001 |
4.582 |
2.069 |
10.148 |
Live In own city but separate from family in personal house(In my city and with my family ٭ ) |
2.716 |
1.030 |
0.008 |
15.123 |
2.009 |
113.866 |
||
constant |
-2.655 |
0.419 |
<0.001 |
0.070 |
||||
٭ Reference group R2= nagelkerke R square, B= coefficient, SE=standard error, EXP (B) = odds ratio, 95%CI = 95% confidence intervals
Table 6:Smoking Predictors among Health Professions Students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.