Figure 1 Representative SEM micrographs at 5000X showing selected samples from the middle and apical thirds representing the different final irrigation activation techniques and corresponding analysis using image J version 1.50e (right). The XP-Endo Finisher NaOCl-EDTA group showing a highly clean canal surface with patent dentinal tubules in the middle and apical thirds, with little debris and some smear plugs in the apical third. The XP-Endo Finisher NaOCl group showing a thick smear layer with no patent dentinal tubules, some debris in the middle third and similar findings in the apical third. The PUI- NSK Varios NaOCl-EDTA group showing a partial clean wall with smear plugs in the middle third, less patent tubules with more smear plugs in the apical third and a thick smear layer with few patent tubules in the apical third. The PUI-NSK Varios NaOCl group showing a thick smear layer with few patent dentinal tubules and debris in the middle thirds, the apical third exhibits a thick smear layer with no patent dentinal tubules.
Group Name |
n |
Shaping |
Activation |
Protocols |
XP-Endo Finisher NaOCl-EDTA |
9 |
Yes |
Yes |
Final rinse with 2ml 2.5% NaOCl activated for 1 |
XP-Endo Finisher NaOCl |
9 |
Yes |
Yes |
Final rinse with 2ml 2.5% NaOCl activated for 1 minute to working length. |
PUI NSK Varios 350 NaOCl-EDTA |
9 |
Yes |
Yes |
Final rinse with 2ml 2.5% NaOCl activated for 1 |
PUI NSK Varios 350 NaOCl |
9 |
Yes |
Yes |
Final rinse with 2 ml 2.5% NaOCl activated for 1 |
Table1 Experimental Groups and Protocols
GROUP |
Middle Third |
Apical Third |
||||||||
|
N |
Mean |
SD¥ |
Difference† |
P-Value†† |
N |
Mean |
SD¥ |
Difference† |
P-Value†† |
XP-Endo Finisher/NaOCl-EDTA |
9 |
55.8 |
6.5 |
|
|
9 |
44.6 |
4.5 |
|
|
XP-Endo Finisher/NaOCl |
|
|
|
54.2 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
43.7 |
<0.001* |
PUI-NSK Varios/NaOCl-EDTA |
|
|
|
15.2 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
19.8 |
<0.001* |
PUI-NSK Varios/NaOCl |
|
|
|
50.3 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
42.5 |
<0.001* |
XP-Endo Finisher/NaOCl |
9 |
1.6 |
0.2 |
|
|
9 |
1 |
0.2 |
|
|
XP-Endo Finisher/NaOCl-EDTA |
|
|
|
-54.2 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
-43.7 |
<0.001* |
PUI-NSK Varios/NaOCl-EDTA |
|
|
|
-39 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
-23.8 |
<0.001* |
PUI-NSK Varios/NaOCl |
|
|
|
-4 |
0.077** |
|
|
|
-1.2 |
1.000** |
PUI-NSK Varios/NaOCl-EDTA |
9 |
40.6 |
2.9 |
|
|
9 |
24.8 |
4 |
|
|
XP-Endo Finisher/NaOCl-EDTA |
|
|
|
-15.2 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
-19.8 |
<0.001* |
XP-Endo Finisher/NaOCl |
|
|
|
39 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
23.8 |
<0.001* |
PUI-NSK Varios/NaOCl |
|
|
|
35 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
22.6 |
<0.001* |
PUI-NSK Varios/NaOCl |
9 |
5.6 |
0.6 |
|
|
9 |
2.2 |
0.3 |
|
|
XP-Endo Finisher/NaOCl-EDTA |
|
|
|
-50.3 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
-42.5 |
<0.001* |
XP-Endo Finisher/NaOCl |
|
|
|
4 |
0.077** |
|
|
|
1.2 |
1.000** |
PUI-NSK Varios/NaOCl-EDTA |
|
|
|
-35 |
<0.001* |
|
|
|
-22.6 |
<0.001* |
Table2 Comparative analysis of final irrigation activation protocols in relation to percentage of smear layer removal at apical and middle canal thirds.
¥ Standard Deviation †Difference of marginal means between groups in relation to canal area ††Post-Hoc Bonferroni analytical comparison between marginal means *Statistical significant difference with a confidence interval of 99.9% (P<0.001) **No statistical significant difference with a confidence interval of 95% (P>0.05)