Figure 1 The effects of TPF with BMP-2 on bone regeneration in a critical-sized murine calvarial defect model.

Figure 2 Histological observations of the bone regeneration site in the calvarial defect model.

Figure 3 Histological observations of the bone regeneration sites in the calvarial defect model.

Figure 4 The bone formation parameters at the defect sites of the calvariae.

Oral hygiene

Males

Females

Total

p value

Use of fluoride toothpaste

Yes

No

Frequency of tooth cleaning/day

Once

Twice

Thrice

Tooth brushing after meals/snacks

Yes

No

Rinsing of the oral cavity after meals/snacks  Yes

No

Tooth brushing last thing at night

Yes

No

Past dental visits

Yes

No

 

89 (98.9)

 1 (1.1)

 

59 (65.6)

31 (34.4)

0

 

29 (32.2)

61 (67.8)

 

62 (68.9)

28 (31.1)

 

32 (35.6)

68 (64.4)

 

11 (12.2)

79 (87.8)

 

104 (100)

0

 

56 (53.8)

43 (41.3)

5 (4.8)

 

53 (51.0)

51 (49.0)

 

82 (78.8)

22 (21.2)

 

57 (54.8)

47 (45.2)

 

16 (15.4)

88 (84.6)

 

193 (99.5)

1 (0.5)

 

115 (59.3)

74 (38.1)

5 (2.6)

 

82 (42.3)

112 (57.7)

 

144 (74.2)

50 (25.8)

 

89 (45.9)

115 (59.3)

 

27 (13.9)

164 (86.1)

 

 

0.28

 

 

 

0.05*

 

 

0.01*

 

 

0.11

 

 

0.01*

 

 

0.53

Table1 Relationship between subjects' gender and their oral hygiene behaviour

*p statistically significant <0.05

Lunch box and its content

Males

Females

Total

  p value

Do you bring  lunch box to school

Yes

No

 

†Content of lunch box

Cooked food

Confectioneries

Drink in lunch box

Water

Milk

Juices/fizzy /soda

 

Category of meal

Balanced

Under loaded

Over loaded

 

 

16 (17.8)

74 (82.2)

 

 

12 (70.6)

5 (29.4)

 

 

10 (58.8)

0

7 (41.2)

 

 

1 (1.1)

72 (80.0)

17 (18.9)

 

 

36(34.6)

68(65.4)

 

 

31 (83.8)

  6(16.2)

 

 

21(56.8)

2 (5.4)

14 (37.8)

 

 

7 (6.7)

72 (69.2)

25 (24.1)

 

52 (26.8)

142(73.2)

 

 

43 (84.3)

11 (21.6)

 

 

31 (60.8)

2 (3.9)

21 (41.2)

 

 

8 (4.1)

144 (74.2)

42 (21.6)

 

 

 

0.01*

 

 

 

0.26

 

 

 

 

0.62

 

 

 

 

0.08

Table2 Relationship between subjects' gender and the content of their lunch boxes

*p statistically significant <0.05; † two had both types of meals in lunchbox

Lunch boxes

 

DMFT index

Total

p value

 

0

1

2

6

 

 

Presence of lunch box

Yes

No

 

Content of lunch box

Balanced meals

Unbalanced-overloaded

Overloaded meals

 

46(88.5)

131(92.3)

 

 

8(100)

134 (83.5)

35(83.3)

 

3(5.8)

7(4.9)

 

 

0

5(3.5)

5(11.9)

 

2(3.8)

4(2.8)

 

 

0

5(3.5)

1 (2.4)

 

1(1.9)

0

 

 

0

0

1(2.4)

 

52 (26.8)

142 (73.2)

 

 

0

7 (41.2)

10 (58.8)

 

 

 

 0.40

 

 

 

 

 0.16

Table3 Relationship between subjects' dental caries status and the content of their lunch boxes