<5 servings/day
n=750(78%)

>5 servings/day
n=210(22%)

P

Demographic characteristics

age

21.81+1.78

21.67+1.32

a0.069

Marital status

 

 

 

Single

395 (52.7%)

126 (60%)

b0.078

Married

355 (47.3%)

48 (40%)

Family income

 

 

 

< 3000

190 (25.3%)

-

b0.004*

3001-5000

222 (29.7%)

131 (62.5%)

5001-10,000

223 (29.7%)

37 (17.5%)

>10,000

115(15.4%)

42 (20%)

Anthropometric measurement and indicators

Weight

63.84+12.76

56.42+15.24

a0.001**

Body mass index (BMI)

25.75+4.32

23.19+5.39

a0.002*

Underweight (<18.5)

66 (8.8%)

-

b0.000**

Normal weight (18 -24.9)

527 (70.3%)

168 (80%)

Overweight (25-29.9)

140 (18.7%)

42 (20%)

Obese  (<30)

17 (2.2)

-

Fruit & vegetable intake

 

 

 

Fruit

1.71+0.84

3.1+1.43

0.000**

Vegetables

1. 12+1.12

3.21+1.32

0.000**

Fruit & vegetables

2.83+1.44

6.31+2.75

0.000**

 

 

 

 

Table1 Demographic characteristics, Anthropometric measurement and fruit and vegetables intake of students.

*P<0.05,**P<0.001, a T-test, b χ2

 

Knowledge

<5 servings/day
n=750

>5 servings/day
n=210

P

1-

5 servings of fruit & vegetables should be eaten every day for preventing major diseases.

0.37+0.12

1+0.41

0.009*

2-

Low intake of fruit & vegetables can contribute to heart problems.

0.58+0.23

0.6+0.41

0.86

3-

Low intake of fruit & vegetables can contribute to obesity.

0.71+0.42

1+0.1

0.000**

4-

Low intake of fruit & vegetables can contribute to certain cancers.

0.53+0.43

0.6+0.32

0.39

5-

It will help me to get enough vitamins and minerals.

0.54+0.32

0.6+0.41

0.203

6-

Overcook influence the availability of nutrients in fruit & vegetables.

0.21+0.1

0.54+12

0.006*

 

Total knowledge

3.4+1.79

4.34+1.37

0.045*

Table2 Knowledge of fruit and vegetable intake (Mean + SD)

*P<0.05,**P<0.001

 

Barriers

<5 servings/day
n=750

>5 servings/day
n=210

P

1-

It is difficult to eat 5 servings of fruit & vegetables every day.

2+0.9

1.72+0.61

0.007*

2-

Preparing and cooking vegetables would be time consuming.

2.4+0.49

2.05+0.66

0.000**

3-

I don't know enough recipes for fruit & vegetables.

1.8+0.44

1.64+0.73

0.147

4-

Fruit & vegetables are expensive.

2.6+0.49

2.4+0.63

0.078

5-

Fruit & vegetables are not delicious.

1.55+0.71

1.45+0.49

0.305

6-

Members of my household won't eat fruit & vegetables.

2.34+0.72

2.21+0.75

0.186

7-

I can't get fruit & vegetables in restaurant and university.

1.56+0.71

1.2+0.4

0.000**

 

Total barriers

13.6+0.8

13.27+2.7

0.406

Table3 Barriers of fruit and vegetable intake (Mean + SD)

*P<0.05,**P<0.001

 

Self-efficacy

<5 servings/day
n=750

>5 servings/day
n=210

P

1-

Eat fruit & vegetables as part of lunch most days.

1.81+0.8

2.82+0.41

0.000**

2-

Eat fruit & vegetables for a snack instead of chips or candy.

2.12+0.75

2.6+0.49

0.001**

3-

Eat fruit & vegetables when eating out at restaurant and university.

2.25+0.73

3.0+0.12

0.000**

4-

Eat 5 servings of fruit & vegetables every day.

1.28+0.54

2.5+0.81

0.000**

5-

Drink 100% fruit juice instead of soda or fruit punch.

1.97+0.83

2.2+0.75

0.067

 

Total self-efficacy

9.54+2.11

13.12+2.1

0.000**

Table4 Self-efficacy of fruit and vegetable intake (Mean + SD)

*P<0.05,**P<0.001

Model

B

S.E

β

t

P

Constant

0.447

0.272

-

1.641

0.101

knowledge

0.025

0.028

0.028

0.883

0.378

Barriers

0.032

0.019

0.055

1.643

0.101

Self-efficacy

0.211

0.023

0.303

9.074

0.000**

R2=0.113; adjusted R2=0.110

Table5 Linear regression analysis predicting of fruit and vegetables intake

**P< 0.001