|
<5 servings/day |
>5 servings/day |
P |
Demographic characteristics |
|||
age |
21.81+1.78 |
21.67+1.32 |
a0.069 |
Marital status |
|
|
|
Single |
395 (52.7%) |
126 (60%) |
b0.078 |
Married |
355 (47.3%) |
48 (40%) |
|
Family income |
|
|
|
< 3000 |
190 (25.3%) |
- |
b0.004* |
3001-5000 |
222 (29.7%) |
131 (62.5%) |
|
5001-10,000 |
223 (29.7%) |
37 (17.5%) |
|
>10,000 |
115(15.4%) |
42 (20%) |
|
Anthropometric measurement and indicators |
|||
Weight |
63.84+12.76 |
56.42+15.24 |
a0.001** |
Body mass index (BMI) |
25.75+4.32 |
23.19+5.39 |
a0.002* |
Underweight (<18.5) |
66 (8.8%) |
- |
b0.000** |
Normal weight (18 -24.9) |
527 (70.3%) |
168 (80%) |
|
Overweight (25-29.9) |
140 (18.7%) |
42 (20%) |
|
Obese (<30) |
17 (2.2) |
- |
|
Fruit & vegetable intake |
|
|
|
Fruit |
1.71+0.84 |
3.1+1.43 |
0.000** |
Vegetables |
1. 12+1.12 |
3.21+1.32 |
0.000** |
Fruit & vegetables |
2.83+1.44 |
6.31+2.75 |
0.000** |
|
|
|
|
Table1 Demographic characteristics, Anthropometric measurement and fruit and vegetables intake of students.
*P<0.05,**P<0.001, a T-test, b χ2
|
Knowledge |
<5 servings/day |
>5 servings/day |
P |
1- |
5 servings of fruit & vegetables should be eaten every day for preventing major diseases. |
0.37+0.12 |
1+0.41 |
0.009* |
2- |
Low intake of fruit & vegetables can contribute to heart problems. |
0.58+0.23 |
0.6+0.41 |
0.86 |
3- |
Low intake of fruit & vegetables can contribute to obesity. |
0.71+0.42 |
1+0.1 |
0.000** |
4- |
Low intake of fruit & vegetables can contribute to certain cancers. |
0.53+0.43 |
0.6+0.32 |
0.39 |
5- |
It will help me to get enough vitamins and minerals. |
0.54+0.32 |
0.6+0.41 |
0.203 |
6- |
Overcook influence the availability of nutrients in fruit & vegetables. |
0.21+0.1 |
0.54+12 |
0.006* |
|
Total knowledge |
3.4+1.79 |
4.34+1.37 |
0.045* |
Table2 Knowledge of fruit and vegetable intake (Mean + SD)
*P<0.05,**P<0.001
|
Barriers |
<5 servings/day |
>5 servings/day |
P |
1- |
It is difficult to eat 5 servings of fruit & vegetables every day. |
2+0.9 |
1.72+0.61 |
0.007* |
2- |
Preparing and cooking vegetables would be time consuming. |
2.4+0.49 |
2.05+0.66 |
0.000** |
3- |
I don't know enough recipes for fruit & vegetables. |
1.8+0.44 |
1.64+0.73 |
0.147 |
4- |
Fruit & vegetables are expensive. |
2.6+0.49 |
2.4+0.63 |
0.078 |
5- |
Fruit & vegetables are not delicious. |
1.55+0.71 |
1.45+0.49 |
0.305 |
6- |
Members of my household won't eat fruit & vegetables. |
2.34+0.72 |
2.21+0.75 |
0.186 |
7- |
I can't get fruit & vegetables in restaurant and university. |
1.56+0.71 |
1.2+0.4 |
0.000** |
|
Total barriers |
13.6+0.8 |
13.27+2.7 |
0.406 |
Table3 Barriers of fruit and vegetable intake (Mean + SD)
*P<0.05,**P<0.001
|
Self-efficacy |
<5 servings/day |
>5 servings/day |
P |
1- |
Eat fruit & vegetables as part of lunch most days. |
1.81+0.8 |
2.82+0.41 |
0.000** |
2- |
Eat fruit & vegetables for a snack instead of chips or candy. |
2.12+0.75 |
2.6+0.49 |
0.001** |
3- |
Eat fruit & vegetables when eating out at restaurant and university. |
2.25+0.73 |
3.0+0.12 |
0.000** |
4- |
Eat 5 servings of fruit & vegetables every day. |
1.28+0.54 |
2.5+0.81 |
0.000** |
5- |
Drink 100% fruit juice instead of soda or fruit punch. |
1.97+0.83 |
2.2+0.75 |
0.067 |
|
Total self-efficacy |
9.54+2.11 |
13.12+2.1 |
0.000** |
Table4 Self-efficacy of fruit and vegetable intake (Mean + SD)
*P<0.05,**P<0.001
Model |
B |
S.E |
β |
t |
P |
Constant |
0.447 |
0.272 |
- |
1.641 |
0.101 |
knowledge |
0.025 |
0.028 |
0.028 |
0.883 |
0.378 |
Barriers |
0.032 |
0.019 |
0.055 |
1.643 |
0.101 |
Self-efficacy |
0.211 |
0.023 |
0.303 |
9.074 |
0.000** |
R2=0.113; adjusted R2=0.110 |
Table5 Linear regression analysis predicting of fruit and vegetables intake
**P< 0.001