Term |
Explanation |
Effect |
Consequences |
Malnutrition |
Nutrition insufficient in amount or inadequate in composition |
Disorders of the IS* |
Developmental retardation |
Immunonutrition |
Fortified and supplemented well balanced diet |
1: Support of the IS in patient care 2: Enhancement of population health |
Optimalization of recovery and prevention of complications |
Econutrition |
Support and regulation of GIT***microflora |
Inhibition of pathogens including ones causing septic complications |
|
Ecoimmunonutrition |
Support of both the IS and GIT microflora |
Enhancement of the population health, restriction of drug consumption, finantial saving |
Table 1: Terminology
* Immune system
** Nutritionaly Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
*** Gastrointestinal Tract
Population |
Prevailing nutrition |
n-6 : n-3 |
Mortality (%) |
Hunters-gatherers |
molluscs, fish |
2 : 1 |
? |
Fishermen-hunters |
fish, game |
1 : 1 |
7 |
Fishermen, farmers |
fish, plants |
10 : 1 |
12 |
Modern (Europe, North America, Japan) |
industrialized food |
50 : 1 |
45 |
Table 2: Mortality on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases related to prevailing nutrition in different populations. Role of nutritional fatty acids.
Population |
Energy intake |
Saccharides |
Fat |
Proteins |
Caries |
Bone deformations |
Airway |
Masai |
12 500 |
390 |
160 |
300 |
8 |
13 |
4 |
Kikuyu farmers |
8 800 |
100 |
20 |
100 |
35 |
53 |
28 |
Table 3: Feeding habits in relation to morbidity, studied in two African tribes, the pastoralists-hunters and farmers, in the first half of the last century [7].
GIT (mainly mouth and large intestine) |
1000 g |
Skin |
200 g |
Lungs |
20 g |
Vagina |
20 g |
Airways (nose) |
10 g |
Eyes |
1 g |
Table 4: Presence of bacteria in the human body
Nutrient |
Effect |
Consequences |
Prebiotics – soluble fibers |
Modulation of absorption of nutrients |
Protective effect in GIT |
n-3 fatty acids |
Downregulation of acute inflammatory response |
Therapy of IS disorders |
Membrane lipids |
Prevention of inflammation in GIT Inhibition of bacterial translocation |
Prevention and therapy of ulcerosis, toxic and inflammatory liver impairment, sepsis |
Polyamines, Amino acidsarginine, glutamine, taurine |
Protein synthesis enhancement |
Wound healing |
Nucleotids |
Cell proliferation support |
Regeneration and growth of all tissues, IS, hematopoiesis |
Antioxidants |
Inhibition of reactive oxigen species |
Support of thymic functions |
Table 5: Ecoimmunonutrients and their effects