Characteristic |
Group consuming sago |
|
Rarely (n=81) |
Often (n=100) |
|
n (%) |
n (%) |
|
Gender |
|
|
Man |
26(32.1) |
36(36) |
Women |
55(64.9) |
64(64) |
Age |
|
|
50 year |
41(50.6) |
44(44) |
≥50 year |
40(49.4) |
56(56) |
Educational level |
|
|
Low education |
66(81.5) |
91(91) |
High education |
15(18.5) |
9(9) |
Occupation |
|
|
Not occupation |
23(28.4) |
29(29) |
Occupation |
58(71.6) |
71(71) |
Family Income/month |
|
|
Low |
70(86.4) |
94(94) |
High |
11(13.6) |
6(6) |
Physical activity |
|
|
High |
55(67.9) |
66(66) |
Moderat |
26(32.1) |
34(34) |
Smoking |
|
|
Yes |
67(82.7) |
84(84) |
No |
14(17.3) |
16(16) |
Family History of DM |
|
|
Yes |
9(11.1) |
5(5) |
No |
72(88.9) |
95(95) |
Table1: Characteristics of subjects from the group that consumes sago <140 g/day and ≥ 140 g/day
Variable |
Groups consuming sago |
Mean±SD |
|
Rarely(n=81) |
Often(n=100) |
||
n (%) |
n (%) |
||
RCBG |
|
|
102.28 ± 27.76 |
<140 mg/dL |
74(91.4) |
91(91) |
|
140-200 mg/dL |
7(8.6) |
9(9) |
|
BMI |
|
|
23.67±5.09 |
18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2 |
49(60.5) |
69(69) |
|
25–27.0 kg/m2 |
32(39.5) |
31(31) |
|
SBP |
|
|
132.04±25.52 |
Normal (<130 mm/Hg) |
42(51.9) |
52(52) |
|
Hypertension (≥130 mm/Hg) |
39(48.1) |
48(48) |
|
DBP |
|
|
82.39±14.26 |
Normal (<80 mm/Hg) |
42(51.9) |
64(64) |
|
Hypertension (≥80 mm/Hg). |
39(48.1) |
36(36) |
|
Choolesterol |
|
|
171.03±66.28 |
Normal (≤200 mg / dL) |
55(67.9) |
77(77) |
|
High (≥200 mg dL). |
26(32.1) |
23(23) |
|
WC |
|
|
85.21±12.08 |
Normal: Men (<90 cm) & Women (<80 cm) |
57(70.4) |
70(70) |
|
High risk: Men (≥90 cm) & Women (≥80 cm). |
24(29.6) |
30(30) |
|
Table 2. Distribution of subjects' clinical sign
RCBG, random capillary blood glucose; BMI, body mass index, SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Cholesterol; WC, waist circumferences
|
RCBG <140 mm/dL (n=16) |
RCBG 140-200 mm/dL (n=165) |
||||
|
Rarely |
Often |
p-value |
Rarely |
Often |
p-value |
Gender |
|
|
0.257 |
|
|
0.659 |
Man |
2(28.6)2) |
5(55.6) |
|
24(32.4) |
31(34.1) |
|
Women |
5(71.4) |
4(44.4) |
|
50(67.6) |
60(65.9) |
|
Age |
|
|
0.158 |
|
|
0.510 |
<50 year |
4(57.1) |
2(22.2) |
|
37(50) |
42(46.2) |
|
≥50 year |
3(42.9) |
7(77.8) |
|
37(50) |
49(53.8) |
|
Educational level |
|
|
0.727 |
|
|
0.000 |
Low |
6(85.7) |
8(88.9) |
|
60(81.1) |
83(91.2) |
|
High |
1(14.3) |
1(11.1) |
|
14(18. |
8(8.8) |
|
Occupation |
|
|
0.705 |
|
|
0.957 |
No occupation |
2(28.6) |
3(33.3) |
|
21(28.4) |
26(28.6) |
|
Occupation |
5(71.4) |
6(66.7) |
|
53(71.6) |
65(71.4) |
|
Family Income/month |
|
|
- |
|
|
0.000 |
Low |
7(100) |
9(100) |
|
63(85.1) |
84(93.4) |
|
High |
0(0) |
0(0) |
|
11(14.9) |
6(6.6) |
|
Physical activity |
|
|
0.158 |
|
|
0.268 |
High |
4(57.1) |
7(77.8) |
|
51(68.9) |
59(64.8) |
|
Moderat |
3(42.9) |
2(22.2) |
|
23(31.1) |
32(35.2) |
|
Smoking |
|
|
0.727 |
|
|
0.715 |
Yes |
6(85.7) |
8(88.9) |
|
61(82.4) |
76(83.5) |
|
No |
1(14.3) |
1(11.1) |
|
13(17.6) |
15(16.5) |
|
Family History |
|
|
- |
|
|
0.002 |
Yes |
7(100) |
9(100) |
|
65(87.8) |
86(94.5) |
|
No |
0(0) |
0(0) |
|
9(12.2) |
5(5.5) |
|
Table 3. Subjects’ demographic characteristics according to sago consumption
All estimates were weighted and calculated taking the complex study design into account.
P-value was obtained from a t-test independent, P value < 0.05
Characteristic |
RCBG <140 mm/dL (n=16) |
RCBG 140-200 mm/dL (n=165) |
||||
|
Rarely |
Often |
p-value |
Rarely |
Often |
p-value |
BMI (kg/m2) |
|
|
0.158 |
|
|
0.064 |
Normal |
4(57.1) |
7(77.8) |
|
45(60.85.1) |
62(68.1) |
|
Overweight |
3(42.9) |
2(22.2) |
|
29(39.2) |
29(31.9) |
|
SBP (mmHg) |
|
|
0.705 |
|
|
0. 958 |
Normal |
5(71.4) |
6(66.7) |
|
34(45.9) |
42(46.2) |
|
Hypertension |
2(28.6) |
3(33.3) |
|
40(54.1) |
49(53.8) |
|
DBP (mmHg) |
|
|
0.705 |
|
|
0.033 |
Normal |
5(71.4) |
3(33.3) |
|
34(45.9) |
33(36.3) |
|
Hypertension |
2(28.6) |
6(66.7) |
|
40(54.1) |
58(63.7) |
|
Cholesterol (mm/Hg) |
|
|
0.258 |
|
|
0.025 |
Normal |
3(42.9) |
2(22.2) |
|
23(31.1) |
21(23.1) |
|
High |
4(57.1) |
7(77.8) |
|
51(69.9) |
76(76.9) |
|
WC (cm) |
|
|
0.257 |
|
|
0.747 |
Normal |
2(28.6) |
4(44.4) |
|
22(29.7) |
26(28.6) |
|
High risk |
5(71.4) |
5(55.6) |
|
52(70.3) |
65(71..4) |
|
Table 4. Subjects’ clinical signs according to sago consumption
All estimates were weighted and calculated taking the complex study design into account.
BMI, Body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumferences.
P-value was obtained from a t-test independent, P value < 0.05
|
RCBG |
SBP |
DBP |
Cholesterol |
WC |
BMI |
Sago consumption |
12.6 |
-8.6 |
-13.4 |
-16.5 |
17.5 |
9.1 |
RCBG |
|
18.4 |
-5.4 |
0.9 |
9.8 |
-112 |
SBP |
|
|
59.8 |
24.2 |
8.1 |
-2.7 |
DBP |
|
|
|
8.3 |
11.1 |
9.3 |
Cholesterol |
|
|
|
|
1.5 |
-11.8 |
WC |
|
|
|
|
|
75.6 |
Table 5 Correlation among significant factors among subjects consuming sago
All estimates were weighted and calculated taking the complex study design into account.
RCBG, random capillary blood glucose; BMI, Body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumferences.
P-value was obtained from a Pearson correlation test, P-value < 0.05