Age group |
Age |
Mean BMD (%) |
A |
19-44 |
73.24±2.39a |
B |
45-55 |
67.14±3.23a |
C |
55-70 |
59.35±9.42a |
Table1.1: Bone mineral density of women at different life stages
Values sharing the same lettering in a column do not differ significantly at p<0.05
However, reduction in the bone mineral can be witnessed among the three groups describing a reduction in bone mineral density to be associated with progression of age. Least bone mineral density was noticed in women in age between 55 – 70year as compared to women in age between 19-44.
Source |
DF |
SS |
MS |
F |
P |
Group |
2 |
671.13 |
335.6 |
1.89 |
0.163 |
Error |
47 |
8347 |
177.614 |
|
|
Total |
49 |
9019 |
|
|
|
Table: 1.2Analysis of variance for mean bone mineral density at various life stages of women
Correlation between diet and bone mineral density:
Diet has been referred to be a hallmark in either improved or bad nutritional status of communities belonging to different genders, age, regions, and ethnicity [9]. Poor bone mineral density leading to the osteoporotic condition has a very strong correlation with diet.
Food |
Dairy Products |
Meat Products |
Vegetables |
Fruits |
Fried Food |
Beverages |
Confectionary |
Snacks |
Fast Food |
Chocolate |
Dairy Products |
1.000 |
-.035 |
.184 |
.372 |
.260 |
.062 |
-.025 |
.184 |
-.012 |
.168 |
Meat Products |
-.035 |
1.000 |
-.283 |
-.048 |
.175 |
.115 |
.242 |
.272 |
.298 |
-.122 |
Vegetables |
.184 |
-.283 |
1.000 |
.190 |
-.245 |
-.274 |
-.256 |
-.316 |
-.478 |
.116 |
Fruits |
.372 |
-.048 |
.190 |
1.000 |
-.093 |
-.205 |
-.011 |
.071 |
.021 |
-.061 |
Fried Food |
.260 |
.175 |
-.245 |
-.093 |
1.000 |
.460 |
.401 |
.382 |
.224 |
.091 |
Beverages |
.062 |
.115 |
-.274 |
-.205 |
.460 |
1.000 |
.373 |
.475 |
.364 |
.232 |
Confectionary |
-.025 |
.242 |
-.256 |
-.011 |
.401 |
.373 |
1.000 |
.514 |
.487 |
-.015 |
Snacks |
.184 |
.272 |
-.316 |
.071 |
.382 |
.475 |
.514 |
1.000 |
.535 |
.131 |
Fast Food |
-.012 |
.298 |
-.478 |
.021 |
.224 |
.364 |
.487 |
.535 |
1.000 |
.321 |
Chocolate |
.168 |
-.122 |
.116 |
-.061 |
.091 |
.232 |
-.015 |
.131 |
.321 |
1.000 |
Table 1.3: Correlation matrix for bone mineral density and diet of women from adolescence to menopause
The results show a positive and negative correlation between various dietary components and bone mineral density at various life stages of women. Foods like dairy, meat, fruits, vegetables, and chocolates have a definitive role in BMD at different stages of life. Consumption of dairy products added toward improved bone mineral density whereas incorporation of other foods like fruits, chocolate, and vegetables was also found to be moderate to weakly associate with building BMD profile. Interestingly it was observed in data that, meat products once eating with vegetables have a strong negative effect on BMD, along with fast foods.
Range of correlation coefficient |
Degree of correlation |
0.80 – 1.0 |
Very strongly correlate (positive) |
0.40 – 0.59 |
Moderately correlate (positive) |
0.00 – 0.19 |
Very weak correlate (positive) |
0.00 – (-0.19) |
Very weak (negative) |
-0.40 – (-0.59) |
Moderate (negative) |
-0.80 – (-1.0) |
Very strongly (negative) |
Interpretation of correlation data