Figure 1: Changes in men’s height in Netherlands, France and Portugal, Birth Cohorts, 1840 to 1980
FIGURE 1
| (cm) | |||||||||||
Korea |
1970 |
1975 |
1980 |
1985 |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
2017 |
6 yrs |
112.9 |
112.9 |
115.4 |
116.2 |
117.7 |
119.0 |
120.2 |
121.0 |
121.8 |
120.5 |
120.6 |
12 yrs |
143.7 |
143.2 |
145.2 |
147.6 |
149.7 |
152.0 |
154.8 |
156.9 |
158.0 |
156.7 |
157.2 |
17 yrs |
166.1 |
166.0 |
167.3 |
168.9 |
169.7 |
171.0 |
172.9 |
173.7 |
173.7 |
173.4 |
173.5 |
Japan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 yrs |
114.5 |
115.2 |
115.7 |
116.4 |
116.8 |
116.8 |
116.7 |
116.7 |
116.7 |
116.5 |
116.5 |
12 yrs |
147.0 |
148.6 |
149.5 |
150.1 |
151.5 |
152.0 |
152.8 |
152.6 |
152.4 |
152.6 |
152.7 |
17 yrs |
167.9 |
168.8 |
169.6 |
170.2 |
170.5 |
170.9 |
170.9 |
170.8 |
170.7 |
170.7 |
170.6 |
Sources: School Health Surveys, Dept. Education, respective country.
Note: 3 year moving average, as 2000=average(1999:2001)
Table 1: Changes in mean height of school boys by age, South Korea and Japan, 1970 to 2017
| grand total and animal products, 1960 to 2015:s | |||||
| Japan and South Korea (kcal/capita) | |||||
Grand total |
Animal products |
||||
Year |
Jp |
Kr |
|
Jp |
Kr |
1961 |
2549 |
2160 |
1961 |
261 |
55 |
1970 |
2721 |
2812 |
1970 |
426 |
108 |
1980 |
2785 |
3046 |
1980 |
539 |
230 |
1990 |
2950 |
2990 |
1990 |
618 |
317 |
2000 |
2895 |
3090 |
2000 |
600 |
449 |
2010 |
2691 |
3279 |
2010 |
549 |
545 |
2015 |
2703 |
3336 |
2015 |
549 |
600 |
Sources: FAOSTAT, Food Blance Sheet, various issues, on the internet.
Table 2: Changes in per capita caloric intakes:
| milk and meat, 1980 to 2017, Japan and S. Korea (kg/capita) | ||||||
milk |
meat |
vegetables |
||||
Year |
Jp |
Kr |
Jp |
Kr |
Jp |
Kr |
1980 |
65.3 |
10.8 |
22.5 |
13.9 |
113.0 |
120.6 |
1990 |
83.2 |
31.8 |
26.0 |
23.6 |
108.4 |
132.6 |
2000 |
94.2 |
49.3 |
28.8 |
37.5 |
102.4 |
165.9 |
2010 |
86.4 |
57.0 |
29.1 |
44.4 |
88.3 |
132.2 |
2017 |
93.5 |
68.6 |
32.7 |
56.7 |
90.9 |
142.5 |
Sources: Governments of Japan and Republic Korea, Food Balance Sheets.
Table 3: Changes in per capita supply of vegetable,
| by age groups, 1971 to 2000 in Japan (kg/capita) | ||||||
|
1971 |
1980 |
1985-86 |
1990 |
1995-96 |
2000 |
0~9 |
36.3 |
26.5 |
15.2 |
8.9 |
4.7 |
2.3 |
10~19 |
45.6 |
30.5 |
20.1 |
14.9 |
9.4 |
5.7 |
20~29 |
48.3 |
31.5 |
23.4 |
16.8 |
15.1 |
11.8 |
30~39 |
46.1 |
43.8 |
36.6 |
30.4 |
23.6 |
21.8 |
40~49 |
51.0 |
52.6 |
48.5 |
44.9 |
37.2 |
33.4 |
50~59 |
54.4 |
59.9 |
56.6 |
54.0 |
50.5 |
48.5 |
60~ |
42.9 |
56.4 |
60.4 |
61.2 |
60.4 |
63.3 |
Grnd-ave |
45.6 |
41.6 |
36.4 |
33.8 |
31.5 |
31.1 |
Sources: derived by the author from FIES, various issues, the TMI model.
Table 4: Changes in per capta at-home consumption of fresf fruit
|
A. vegetables (% of the 50’s) |
||||||
age group |
1990-91 |
1995-96 |
2000-01 |
2005-06 |
2010-11 |
2014-15 |
2017-19 |
0-9 |
49.8 |
31.4 |
30.5 |
19.4 |
12.6 |
13.6 |
8.5 |
10~14 |
51.8 |
34.5 |
34.1 |
22.5 |
15.3 |
15.1 |
10.1 |
15~19 |
51.6 |
35.1 |
36.5 |
25.9 |
18.9 |
16.8 |
12.9 |
20~29 |
55.2 |
42.1 |
43.8 |
34.5 |
27.7 |
25.5 |
22.4 |
30~39 |
73.3 |
64.7 |
62.3 |
54.0 |
48.2 |
50.2 |
45.6 |
40~49 |
96.0 |
87.8 |
85.5 |
78.0 |
72.6 |
73.3 |
68.1 |
50~59 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
60~ |
95.1 |
98.3 |
104.0 |
107.0 |
116.2 |
121.1 |
130.5 |
per capita supply |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(kg/year) |
|
131.7 |
156.4 |
154.5 |
149.7 |
143.4 |
145.6 |
142.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B: grain≒rice (% of the 50's) |
||||||
age group |
1990-91 |
1995-96 |
2000-01 |
2005-06 |
2010-11 |
2014-15 |
2017-19 |
0-9 |
45.1 |
30.2 |
35.4 |
28.4 |
9.6 |
14.5 |
8.3 |
10~14 |
54.2 |
38.6 |
42.4 |
32.8 |
13.8 |
18.8 |
10.6 |
15~19 |
58.1 |
43.9 |
47.5 |
36.5 |
18.7 |
24.0 |
13.5 |
20~29 |
54.9 |
44.1 |
51.8 |
40.6 |
25.8 |
33.0 |
19.6 |
30~39 |
69.5 |
61.3 |
61.8 |
55.0 |
42.5 |
48.2 |
40.6 |
40~49 |
97.2 |
89.0 |
82.4 |
77.7 |
68.7 |
70.8 |
68.1 |
50~59 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
60~ |
101.8 |
105.7 |
107.4 |
125.2 |
138.2 |
136.9 |
155.5 |
per capita supply |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(kg/year) |
|
121.4 |
111.5 |
101.2 |
84.9 |
82.4 |
74.6 |
72.6 |
|
C. meat-all(processed meats included) (% of the 50's) |
||||||
age group |
1990-91 |
1995-96 |
2000-01 |
2005-06 |
2010-11 |
2014-15 |
2017-19 |
0-9 |
41.4 |
39.6 |
49.5 |
41.4 |
45.2 |
49.8 |
48.0 |
10~14 |
42.6 |
41.7 |
52.0 |
46.2 |
49.6 |
52.9 |
48.4 |
15~19 |
38.5 |
37.0 |
50.7 |
47.1 |
49.2 |
53.0 |
46.0 |
20~29 |
45.1 |
43.2 |
54.8 |
50.0 |
50.1 |
52.6 |
44.3 |
30~39 |
72.3 |
72.9 |
73.8 |
66.6 |
69.9 |
70.4 |
67.8 |
40~49 |
95.6 |
95.6 |
93.7 |
91.8 |
98.2 |
93.3 |
91.9 |
50~59 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
60~ |
92.5 |
98.1 |
96.1 |
98.7 |
88.1 |
87.4 |
92.8 |
per capita supply |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(kg/year) |
|
24.2 |
33.4 |
37.9 |
37.5 |
44.0 |
52.2 |
56.4 |
Sources: Derived in current won from Kr Household Expenditure Surveys, by the author by means of the TMI model.
KREI, Food Balance Sheet, various issues, for per capita supply.
Table 5: Changes in per capita household expenditures by age groups, 1990 to 2019
Code |
Continent, Region, Country |
1810 |
1820 |
1830 |
1840 |
1850 |
1860 |
1870 |
1880 |
1890 |
1900 |
1910 |
1920 |
1930 |
1940 |
1950 |
1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
|
| 280 | Federal Republic of Germany (until 1990) | 167.8 | 167.3 | 166.8 | 166.6 | 163.8 | 165.5 | 166.9 | 167.9 | 168.6 | 169.2 | 170.5 | 173.3 | 174.0 | 175.2 | 176.8 | 178.9 | 179.4 | 180.5 | |
250 |
France |
163.9 |
163.9 |
164.0 |
164.3 |
165.2 |
165.4 |
165.5 |
165.9 |
166.1 |
166.8 |
167.8 |
168.5 |
169.9 |
171.7 |
173.2 |
174.9 |
175.1 |
176.5 |
|
276 |
Germany |
167.8 |
167.3 |
166.8 |
166.6 |
163.8 |
165.5 |
166.9 |
167.9 |
168.6 |
169.2 |
170.5 |
173.3 |
174.0 |
175.2 |
176.8 |
178.9 |
179.4 |
180.5 |
|
528 |
Netherlands |
166.0 |
165.1 |
164.2 |
164.5 |
165.3 |
166.5 |
167.1 |
168.5 |
169.4 |
170.9 |
172.6 |
173.5 |
174.1 |
177.5 |
178.7 |
182.2 |
182.3 |
182.7 |
|
208 |
Denmark |
|
167.0 |
165.4 |
|
167.4 |
168.1 |
168.1 |
169.5 |
169.2 |
170.5 |
170.0 |
173.5 |
173.9 |
175.9 |
179.8 |
180.2 |
180.8 |
183.2 |
|
578 |
Norway |
168.6 |
167.5 |
168.9 |
168.0 |
169.1 |
169.7 |
170.4 |
171.1 |
171.1 |
172.0 |
173.3 |
176.3 |
176.9 |
177.5 |
178.1 |
179.3 |
179.5 |
179.7 |
|
752 |
Sweden |
|
|
168.1 |
167.9 |
168.4 |
169.3 |
170.3 |
171.2 |
172.4 |
172.8 |
173.2 |
168.3 |
175.5 |
178.5 |
179.3 |
180.1 |
180.0 |
180.4 |
|
826 |
UK |
169.7 |
169.1 |
166.7 |
166.5 |
165.6 |
166.6 |
167.2 |
168.0 |
167.4 |
169.4 |
170.9 |
171.0 |
173.9 |
174.9 |
176.0 |
176.9 |
177.1 |
176.8 |
|
300 |
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
|
168.5 |
167.3 |
|
169.6 |
168.1 |
168.4 |
167.5 |
169.2 |
173.7 |
177.6 |
|
177.3 |
|
336 |
Holy See |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
380 |
Italy |
164.1 |
165.8 |
164.1 |
162.0 |
162.9 |
163.1 |
163.5 |
163.9 |
164.7 |
165.6 |
166.3 |
167.3 |
168.1 |
169.3 |
171.3 |
173.0 |
174.1 |
174.5 |
|
620 |
Portugal |
165.5 |
166.3 |
165.3 |
163.5 |
164.2 |
164.1 |
164.7 |
164.2 |
164.2 |
163.8 |
164.5 |
164.9 |
165.6 |
166.4 |
167.4 |
169.2 |
171.4 |
172.1 |
|
724 |
Spain |
|
|
161.0 |
163.7 |
162.5 |
162.7 |
162.6 |
163.9 |
164.0 |
164.6 |
165.1 |
165.6 |
165.2 |
166.3 |
170.8 |
174.2 |
175.2 |
175.6 |
|
203 |
Czech Republic |
164.0 |
163.0 |
163.5 |
164.8 |
165.5 |
166.0 |
167.0 |
167.6 |
169.8 |
170.7 |
170.8 |
173.3 |
175.7 |
176.8 |
177.7 |
|
178.7 |
|
|
200 |
Czechoslovakia (until 1993) |
|
|
|
|
166.2 |
|
169.7 |
167.1 |
168.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
175.8 |
|
|
|
348 |
Hungary |
164.7 |
164.3 |
164.1 |
164.0 |
163.7 |
165.3 |
166.4 |
169.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
175.4 |
178.2 |
178.8 |
|
|
616 |
Poland |
|
|
|
163.1 |
|
165.5 |
166.3 |
166.8 |
167.2 |
166.6 |
169.0 |
|
173.0 |
170.5 |
173.2 |
175.3 |
|
177.4 |
|
124 |
Canada |
171.5 |
171.5 |
171.5 |
170.4 |
172.5 |
172.0 |
171.2 |
171.2 |
170.7 |
169.9 |
171.5 |
173.0 |
172.7 |
174.6 |
177.0 |
178.3 |
178.8 |
179.6 |
|
840 |
USA |
|
172.2 |
173.5 |
172.2 |
171.1 |
170.6 |
171.1 |
169.5 |
169.1 |
170.0 |
172.1 |
173.1 |
173.4 |
176.1 |
177.1 |
177.3 |
178.3 |
179.0 |
|
192 |
Cuba |
|
|
|
|
|
|
167.1 |
166.8 |
166.0 |
166.1 |
167.9 |
|
|
169.4 |
169.2 |
|
|
|
|
320 |
Guatemala |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
156.3 |
|
156.0 |
158.7 |
158.7 |
|
159.2 |
159.8 |
160.3 |
160.8 |
|
340 |
Honduras |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
164.0 |
164.2 |
164.6 |
164.7 |
|
484 |
Mexico |
161.3 |
160.4 |
160.4 |
162.5 |
163.4 |
162.9 |
163.7 |
163.9 |
163.9 |
163.9 |
163.7 |
161.1 |
165.5 |
165.8 |
165.1 |
166.4 |
|
167.8 |
|
32 |
Argentina |
168.8 |
169.9 |
170.9 |
169.6 |
168.2 |
167.4 |
167.6 |
167.6 |
167.8 |
167.9 |
168.2 |
169.0 |
169.8 |
170.6 |
170.8 |
|
|
|
|
68 |
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163.6 |
162.5 |
|
|
162.5 |
163.4 |
162.5 |
163.2 |
163.9 |
164.2 |
|
76 |
Brazil |
164.3 |
164.3 |
164.8 |
164.6 |
164.5 |
165.0 |
166.5 |
166.1 |
167.1 |
167.5 |
166.5 |
166.6 |
167.0 |
167.1 |
168.2 |
169.0 |
171.6 |
171.7 |
|
604 |
Peru |
163.4 |
162.6 |
162.5 |
161.3 |
161.8 |
161.7 |
161.3 |
161.5 |
|
|
|
|
159.7 |
160.9 |
162.2 |
163.1 |
163.9 |
164.2 |
|
53 |
Australia and New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
170.0 |
170.6 |
170.1 |
171.1 |
171.3 |
172.3 |
172.7 |
172.8 |
|
|
|
176.3 |
178.4 |
|
|
36 |
Australia |
|
|
|
|
170.0 |
170.6 |
170.1 |
171.1 |
171.3 |
172.3 |
172.7 |
172.8 |
|
|
|
176.3 |
178.4 |
|
|
554 |
New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
|
172.4 |
172.4 |
172.7 |
172.0 |
|
|
|
174.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
356 |
India |
|
|
|
160.3 |
161.8 |
163.0 |
163.8 |
162.4 |
163.0 |
|
162.9 |
163.5 |
163.7 |
164.0 |
163.5 |
163.9 |
164.3 |
164.4 |
|
364 |
Iran |
|
|
|
|
165.3 |
|
168.3 |
165.2 |
166.0 |
167.5 |
167.2 |
|
|
167.8 |
168.8 |
169.1 |
170.9 |
172.4 |
|
524 |
Nepal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
162.4 |
|
161.7 |
|
|
160.9 |
162.4 |
161.8 |
162.5 |
162.7 |
163.0 |
|
586 |
Pakistan |
|
|
|
165.1 |
162.0 |
164.6 |
165.2 |
|
165.0 |
|
|
167.9 |
164.0 |
168.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
156 |
China |
165.7 |
165.8 |
165.8 |
166.2 |
166.2 |
165.7 |
165.8 |
165.3 |
164.0 |
164.0 |
164.7 |
164.2 |
166.5 |
167.4 |
169.2 |
170.0 |
170.0 |
171.5 |
China |
408 |
N. Korea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
163.4 |
160.1 |
160.7 |
160.1 |
|
|
|
166.5 |
168.6 |
170.7 |
171.9 |
173.8 |
N. Korea |
392 |
Japan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
157.8 |
157.8 |
158.7 |
159.6 |
160.7 |
161.4 |
162.6 |
163.6 |
165.7 |
166.8 |
171.7 |
Japan |
410 |
S.Korea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
163.4 |
160.1 |
160.7 |
160.1 |
|
|
|
166.5 |
168.6 |
170.7 |
171.9 |
173.8 |
S.Korea |
|
Taiwan |
|
|
|
|
163.9 |
163.9 |
163.4 |
162.9 |
163.9 |
164.5 |
166.1 |
166.9 |
167.5 |
166.8 |
168.7 |
169.7 |
170.5 |
|
Taiwan |
116 |
Cambodia |
|
|
|
161.6 |
163.2 |
164.9 |
159.0 |
161.7 |
160.4 |
158.3 |
160.6 |
158.5 |
158.4 |
|
162.4 |
162.8 |
162.7 |
162.5 |
Cambodia |
360 |
Indonesia |
161.3 |
|
|
160.4 |
160.6 |
160.4 |
158.1 |
158.6 |
158.8 |
159.0 |
159.6 |
160.9 |
160.7 |
160.4 |
161.7 |
162.4 |
163.1 |
164.0 |
Indonesia |
|
Indonesia (until 1999) |
161.3 |
|
|
160.4 |
160.6 |
160.4 |
158.1 |
158.6 |
158.8 |
159.0 |
159.6 |
160.9 |
160.7 |
160.4 |
161.7 |
162.4 |
163.1 |
164.0 |
Indonesia (until 1999) |
458 |
Malaysia |
|
|
|
159.3 |
|
161.0 |
157.2 |
|
155.8 |
160.5 |
|
|
162.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Malaysia |
104 |
Myanmar |
|
|
|
|
161.1 |
164.0 |
161.3 |
160.7 |
163.0 |
163.7 |
|
160.1 |
|
164.8 |
|
|
|
161.3 |
Myanmar |
608 |
Philippines |
|
|
|
|
|
155.0 |
159.5 |
158.9 |
161.5 |
160.4 |
|
|
163.4 |
164.6 |
|
|
|
165.6 |
Philippines |
702 |
Singapore |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
172.2 |
|
Singapore |
764 |
Thailand |
|
|
|
|
|
160.1 |
161.5 |
162.3 |
161.0 |
162.1 |
161.5 |
161.3 |
161.2 |
|
|
|
|
160.0 |
Thailand |
704 |
Viet Nam |
|
|
157.9 |
157.5 |
158.4 |
158.3 |
158.3 |
157.7 |
158.5 |
161.2 |
158.0 |
157.5 |
158.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Viet Nam |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
birth year |
1810 |
1820 |
1830 |
1840 |
1850 |
1860 |
1870 |
1880 |
1890 |
1900 |
1910 |
1920 |
1930 |
1940 |
1950 |
1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
birth year |
Sources: University of Tuebingen: Hight datahub(2015) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
1840 |
1850 |
1860 |
1870 |
1880 |
1890 |
1900 |
1910 |
1920 |
1930 |
1940 |
1950 |
1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
|
|
|
|
|
Netherlds |
164.5 |
165.3 |
166.5 |
167.1 |
168.5 |
169.4 |
170.9 |
172.6 |
173.5 |
174.1 |
177.5 |
178.7 |
182.2 |
182.3 |
182.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
France |
162.0 |
162.9 |
163.1 |
163.5 |
163.9 |
164.7 |
165.6 |
166.3 |
167.3 |
168.1 |
169.3 |
171.3 |
173.0 |
174.1 |
174.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Porugal |
163.5 |
164.2 |
164.1 |
164.7 |
164.2 |
164.2 |
163.8 |
164.5 |
164.9 |
165.6 |
166.4 |
167.4 |
169.2 |
171.4 |
172.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Figure 1: Changes in men’s height in Netherlands, France and Portugal, Birth Cohorts, 1840 to 1980
Figure 2: Comparison of growth velocity, same year data vs birth cohorts, 6 to 17 years, schoolboys in Korea and Japan, 2000 to 2017
Figure 3: Comparison of growth velocity, same year data vs birth cohorts, from 12 to 17 years, school boys in Korea and Japan, 1995 to 2017
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance