1(1983) Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. Auth. Sanford H Kadish.

2Pinki Virani. Femina, March 10, 2018. https://www.femina.in/achievers/people/journalist-Pinki-Virani-on-the-aruna-shanbag-case-81562.html

3Girl, 14, is left unable to ever have children after suffering horrific three-hour beating by bullies. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/.../Girl-14-left-unable-children-horrific-beating.html

4Code of Justinian (529-534 AD) https://www.brittanica.com/topic/Code-of-Justinian

5Bill of Rights, Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, 1791.
5(a) North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711 (1969)
5(b) Crist v. Betz, 437 U.S. 28 (1978)

6Sir William Blackstone, 18th century https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3469&context=penn_law_review