The rate of sign-changes of the signal during the duration of a
particular frame.
2
Energy
The sum of squares of the signal values, normalized by the
respective frame length.
3
Entropy of
Energy
The entropy of sub-frames' normalized energies. It can be
interpreted as a measure of abrupt changes.
4
Spectral
Centroid
The center of gravity of the spectrum.
5
Spectral Spread
The second central moment of the spectrum.
6
Spectral Entropy
The entropy of the normalized spectral energies for a set of sub-
frames.
7
Spectral Flux
The squared difference between the normalized magnitudes of
the spectra of the two successive frames.
8
Spectral Rolloff
The frequency below which 90% of the magnitude distribution
of the spectrum is concentrated.
9-21
MFCCs
Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients form a cepstral
representation where the frequency bands are not linear but distributed according to the mel-scale.
22-33
Chroma Vector
A 12-element representation of the spectral energy where the
bins represent the 12 equal-tempered pitch classes of western- type music (semitone spacing).
34
Chroma
Deviation
The standard deviation of the 12 chrome coefficients.
Table 1: Wave Characteristics measured by pyAudioAnalysis
Tables at a glance