Tables at a glance

Table 1

Table 2

Figures at a glance

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Table 1

Not Modifiable	Modifiable
Sex	Arterial Hypertension
Age	Smoking
Family History (1st Grade)	Diabetes Mellitus
Premature coronary heart disease
Men <45 years
Women <55 years

Table 1: Classic cardiovascular risk factors

Table 2

Variable	Coefficient	Standard Error	p-value	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate	0.012	0.001	<0.011	1.012	(1.010-1.015)
Age	-0.015	0.002	<0.011	0.945	(0.981-0.988)
Diabetes	-0.352	0.052	<0.011	0.703	(0.635-0.778)
HDL Cholesterol	0.009	0.001	<0.001	1.009	(1.006-1.012)
Tobacco Use	0.322	0.062	<0.001	1.381	(1.223-1.559)
Triglycerides	0.007	0.003	0.007	1.008	(1.002-1.013)
Body Mass Index	-0.012	0.005	0.007	0.988	(0.979-0.997)
Albumin/Creatinine Ratio	-0.002	0.001	0.006	0.998	(0.997-0.999)
Constant	-0.125	0.217	0.564	-	-

Table 2: Logistic regression model of the circadian profile (dipper/non-dipper) of ambulatory BP in hypertensive patients
The Odds Ratios with their 95% Confidence Intervals for the depth of nocturnal systolic blood pressure dip as the dependent variable (0 -non-dipper, 1 - dipper) are provided below. These are adjusted for each ml/min/1.73m² increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate, each year of age, each mg/dL increase in HDL cholesterol, each 10 mg/dL increase in triglycerides, each kg/m² increase in body mass index, and each 10 mg/gCR increase in albumin/creatinine ratio. Diabetes is defined as 0 - no, 1 - yes. Smoking status is defined as 0 - no, 1 - yes. Glucose level is estimated using the CKD-EPI equation. The variables in the model are listed in order of importance, obtained through forward stepwise logistic regression variable selection.

FIGURE 1

Figure 1: Circadian Pattern of SBP (left) and DBP (right) in hypertensive patients without (solid line) and with diabetes (dashed line) assessed through 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The shaded bar on the horizontal axis of the graphs indicates the average nighttime hours of patient sleep

FIGURE 2

Figure 2: Circadian pattern of heart rate (left) and pulse pressure (PP) (right) in hypertensive patients without (solid line) and with diabetes (dashed line) assessed through 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The shaded bar on the horizontal axis of the graphs indicates the average nighttime rest period of the patients.

FIGURE 3

Figure 3: Circadian Pattern of Systolic Blood Pressure (left) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (right) in hypertensive patients with diabetes evaluated through 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and classified based on their antihypertensive treatment scheme: medication intake both upon waking up and before going to bed (solid line) or intake of all medication at bedtime (dashed line). The shaded bar on the horizontal axis of the graphs indicates the average nighttime rest period of the patients