No.

Family

Botanical name

Local name

Plant habit

Part used

Uses

Mode of preparation

Legal Use

IUCN
Threat status

Ref.

1

Aizoaceae

TrianthemaportulacastrumL.

Laani

Herb

Leaves,roots

Used for the treatment of asthma.

Powder

EN

[40,50]

2

Amaranthaceae

Celosiatrigyna
L.

Trgana

Herb

Leaves, flowers

It is used to treat menstruation bleeding, diarrhea, boils, skin and heart diseases.

Decoction, raw, paste

EN

[1,31,40,45]

3

Apiaceae

Ammimajus
L.

Khelah Shytani

Herb

Whole plant

It is used to treat toothache, asthma, carminative, angina pectoris, different skin diseases, skin cancer, the urinary system as a diuretic, contraception and general tonic.

Decoction, powder, infusion

Yes

NE

[33,45]

4

Apiaceae

AnethumgraveolensL.

Shabat

Herb

Whole plant

Use for respiratory diseases, colic, appetiser, mouthwash, carminative, backache, the urinary system as a diuretic, aphrodisiac, abortionist, astringent, cordial, laxative for the digestive system, tonic, antiseptic, anthelmintic, in liver and spleen problems and antispasmodic.

Powder or raw

Yes

EN

[1,33,40,42,43,50]

5

Apiaceae

ApiumgraveolensL.

Karafs

Herb

Leaves, roots, seeds

Use for liver and spleen disorder, urinary tract infections and pains, incontinence, kidney problems, appetiser, tonic, high blood pressure, purgative, vermifugal, antiasthmatic, anti- rheumatoid, antispasmodic, colic, sedative, anticonvulsant, calming

Raw, drink

Yes

EN

[29,33,40,44,45]

6

Apiaceae

Deverratortuosa(Desf.) DC.

Hazza

Herb

Stems and flowers

Used for urinary system problems

Decoction, infusion

EN

[40,44]

7

Apiaceae

FoeniculumvulgareMill.

Shamr, Snot

Herb

Seeds, leaves, stem

Use for abdominal colic, cough and as a toothbrush

Decoction, raw

Yes

NE

[29,42,43,45]

8

Apocynaceae

CynanchumacutumL.

Al-Modeed

Herb

Leaves and stems

Used to treat diabetes, bacterial infections, and skin diseases

Decoction, infusion

EN

[1,40,65]

9

Apocynaceae

NeriumoleanderL.

Haban, Dafla

Shrub

Leaves, roots

Used for coughs and bronchitis, as well as for skin diseases.

Smoke, drink, paste

EN

[31,40,43,45]

10

Apocynaceae

Solenostemmaarghel(Delile) Hayne

Al-Argal

Shrub

Leaves

Use for cough and rheumatic

Decoction, powder

Yes

NE

[1]

11

Arecaceae

PhoenixdactyliferaL.

Nakhl, Tammar

Tree

Fruit, seeds

Use for digestive, skin, as a general tonic, cardiovascular, and aphrodisiac

Raw, infusion, paste

Yes

NE

[29,43,45]

12

Arecaceae

Hyphaenethebaica(L.) Mart.

Doom

Tree

Seeds

Use for cardiac stimulation, antimicrobial, skin, respiratory, urologic, and reproductive tract

Infusion, drink, powder

Yes

NE

[1,29]

13

Asparagaceae

DracaenaombetHeuglin ex Kotschy & Peyr.

Azef

Tree

Resin

Used for treating haemorrhage and skin infections

Paste

EN

[1,54,66]

14

Asparagaceae

DracaenaserrulataBaker

Ariyeb

Tree

Resin from trunks and branches

Used as a pain reliever, treat haemorrhage and skin infections

Paste

EN

[43,54]

15

Asteraceae

Achilleafragrantissima(Forssk.) Sch.Bip.

Qaissom

Shrub

Whole plant

Use for fever, antimicrobial, nervous system, skeletal system, and digestive system disorders

Decoction

Yes

NE

[1,33,45]

16

Asteraceae

ArtemisiajudaicaL.

Beithran

Shrub

Leaves, flowers

Use to cure cough, cold, fever, carminative, emmenagogue, menstruation, regulator, and nervous system

Decoction

Yes

NE

[33,45,49,50]

17

Asteraceae

Matricariaaurea(Loefl.) Sch.Bip.

Babunag

Herb

Flowers, whole plant

Use for digestive, neurologic, respiratory, muscular, skeletal, reproductive, urologic, ear and throat, cardiovascular, skin, endocrine

Infusion, drink

Yes

NE

[1,43,45]

18

Asteraceae

Glebioniscoronaria(L.) Cass. ex Spach

Aqhuan Al Ha

Herb

Whole plant

Use for gonorrhoea, strong laxative, relieve the inflamed parts

Raw, powder

Yes

EN

[40,45]

19

Asteraceae

CrepisrueppelliiSch. Bip.

Labnh

Herb

Leaves

Used for jaundice and liver pains.

Decoction, raw

EN

[40,43,45]

20

Asteraceae

DicomatomentosaCass.

Marar

Herb

Whole plant

Used to postpartum fever and wounds

Decoction

EN

[40,45]

21

Asteraceae

Launaeaintybacea(Jacq.) Beauverd

Dahana

Herb

Whole plant

It is used for the treatment of dry cough.

Decoction, infusion

EN

[40,50]

22

Asteraceae

Sonchusasper
(L.) Hill

Almoqbabah alkaberah - Eiltifaf

Herb

Leaves

Used for body pain

Drink

EN

[40,51]

23

Boraginaceae

EhretiaobtusifoliaHochst. ex A.DC.

Lakhf, Al- sab, Masuk

Shrub

Stem, Branches

Used to relieve body pain

Decoction

EN

[40,47,67]

24

Brassicaceae

AnastaticahierochunticaL.

Kaff Maryam

Herb

Whole plant

It is used to treat respiratory diseases and during childbirth.

Infusion

Yes

NE

[33, 43,45,46,50]

25

Brassicaceae

Brassicarapa
L.

Khardal

Herb

Roots, leaves, seeds, whole plant

Use for wounds, diuretic, cough, antipruritic, leukoderma, tooth pain, increased bile secretion, as aphrodisiac

Decoction, paste

Yes

EN

[1,33,40,45,47]

26

Brassicaceae

Erucasativa
Mill.

Rocka

Herb

Seeds, leaves

Use for sexual weakness, antimicrobial, antiscorbutic, stimulant, diuretic, stomachic, hair tonic

Raw, oil

Yes

NE

[33,45,46]

27

Brassicaceae

LepidiumsativumL.

Rashad

Herb

Leaves, seeds

Use for aches and pains, as an emollient and for measles, treat stomach troubles

Decoction, powder, raw, paste

Yes

NE

[29,42,43,45]

28

Burseraceae

Commiphoramyrrha(T.Nees) Engl.

Myrrh

Tree

Resin

Use for treating colds, fever, to help digestion and treat haemorrhoids, antimicrobial, expectorant, carminative, antiseptic, astringent, and toothache

Smoke, burned, infusion, drops, Paste

Yes

NE

[1,29,43]

29

Caryophyllaceae

DianthusdesertiKotschy

Ud al-lhilba

Herb

Roots

Used for sprains.

Powder, paste

EN

[40,43]

30

Caryophyllaceae

Gypsophilavaccaria(L.) Sm.

Vaccaria

Herb

Seed, roots

Used as anti- flatulence, appetite enhancer and
aids digestion

Decoction, infusion

EN

[40,45,68]

31

Cleomaceae

Cleomedroserifolia(Forssk.) Delile

Zaaf

Shrub

The air-dried herb

Used for sore eyes

Powder, paste

EN

[40,43,69]

32

Convolvulaceae

ConvolvulusarvensisL.

Olaique

Herb

Roots, leaves, fruits

Use for foot cracking and anti- haemorrhagic

Powder

Yes

NE

[43,45,46]

33

Crassulaceae

Umbilicusrupestris(Salisb.) Dandy

Sarat Al- Sakhr

Herb

Leaves

Used for skin inflammation, wounds, burns disinfectant, parasiticidal, and as an eye disinfectant

Decoction, infusion

EN

[40,47,70]

34

Euphorbiaceae

EuphorbiaammakSchweinf.

Amk sabur

Tree

The latex

Used on painful joints.

Paste

VU

[43,54]

35

Fabaceae

AlhagigraecorumBoiss.

Aaqool

Herb

Whole herb

Use for rheumatism, anti- tussive, anti- haemorrhoids, laxative, diuretic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, analgesic, and for opacity of the cornea

Drink, oil, decoction

Yes

NE

[1,48,49]

36

Fabaceae

ClitoriaternateaL.

Hareejah

Shrub

Leaves, roots, seeds

It is used to treat gonorrhoea, irritation of the urinary bladder, diuretic respiratory diseases, ulcers, indigestion, flatulence and vermifuge.

Decoction

EN

[40,45,48]

37

Fabaceae

GlycyrrhizaglabraL.

Eirqsos

Herb

Leaves, roots

Use for treating muscle pain, indigestion, cough, as an expectorant, pain reliever and a purgative

Powder

Yes

EN

[29,40,43]

38

Fabaceae

Melilotusalbus
Medik.

Otrah

Herb

Whole plant

Used as an astringent and as a narcotic, also as to treat rheumatic pain

Decoction

EN

[40,43,45]

39

Fabaceae

ScorpiurusmuricatusL.

Dhanab Al- Aqrab Al- Shaek

Herb

Leaves, stems

Used to urinary tract infections

Infusion

EN

[40,44]

40

Fabaceae

Senegaliasenegal(L.) Britton

Samg Arabic

Tree

Bark, resin

Use for respiratory, digestive, muscular, neurologic, reproductive, urologic, endocrine, cardiovascular, skin, setting bones, general tonic and antiseptic

Powder, paste

Yes

NE

[29,43]

41

Fabaceae

SennaalexandrinaMill.

Sana makki

Herb

Leaves, fruit

Use for stomach cramps and constipation

Decoction

Yes

NE

[42,43,45,48]

42

Fabaceae

Sennaholosericea(Fresen.) Greuter

Ashraq

Herb

Leaves, seeds, fruits

Use for treating nervous diseases, laxative, tonic for the digestive system, flatulence, purgative

Decoction

Yes

NE

[33,43,45]

43

Fabaceae

Senna italica
Mill.

Ashrq

Herb

Leaves, seeds, fruits

Use for inflammations, treat constipation, stomach cramps, purgative, alexipyretic, urinary tract purifier, expectorant

Decoction

Yes

NE

[29,33,42,43]

44

Fabaceae

Vachelliaorigena(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.

Salam

Tree

Leaves

Used for sore eyes

Decoction

NT

[42,43,54]

45

Lamiaceae

TeucriumcapitatumL.

Jaada

Shrub

Leaves

Use for diabetes, fever, liver problems, anti- cancer, endocrinal disorders

Decoction

Yes

NE

[1,31,43]

46

Lamiaceae

Menthalongifolia(L.) L.

Naana

Herb

Leaves

Use for treating coughs, difficulty breathing, fevers, headache, stomach problems, chills, menstrual cramps, renal and urinary bladder stones.

Decoction, drying

Yes

NE

[31,42,43,50]

47

Lamiaceae

Salvia Roth
dianthera

Dharah

Shrub

Leaves

Used to relieve headaches, joint- and muscle pain, also to skin problems

Infusion

EN

[40,42]

48

Lamiaceae

Salvialanigera
Poir.

Maryamia

Herb

Aerial parts

Use for indigestion and as carminative

Drink

Yes

NE

[1,31]

49

Lamiaceae

ThymusdecussatusBenth.

Za’atar

Shrub

Whole herb

Use for nausea

Decoction

Yes

EN

[1,31,40]

50

Lamiaceae

OcimumamericanumL.

Habaq

Herb

Leaves

Use for parasitic skin diseases, ear and throat, respiratory, reproductive, digestive

Infusion, decoction

Yes

NE

[1,29]

51

Lamiaceae

syriacum

Origanum
L.

Bardaqush

Shrub

Leaves

Use for antitussive, anti-inflammatory, skin, ear, throat, digestive, respiratory, muscular, reproductive, neurologic, cardiovascular

Infusion, decoction, powder

Yes

NE

[1,29]

52

Lamiaceae

LavandulaatriplicifoliaBenth.

Lavender

Shrub

Flowers

Use for digestive

Infusion

Yes

EN

[29,40]

53

Lythraceae

LawsoniainermisL.

Henna

Shrub

Leaves, branches,flowers, young buds

Use for fever, anti- inflammatory, local anaesthetic, treating mouth ulcers, soften the skin of hands and feet, hair tonic, hair colour, as a cosmetic, skin diseases, headache, allays swelling and muscle pain, spleen tumour

Powder, raw

Yes

NE

[33,42,43,45]

54

Menispermaceae

Cocculushirsutus(L.) W.Theob.

Hamr al majnun

Shrub

Leaves and roots

Used for fever, emetic, demulcent, for digestive problems, as a purgative and for treating venereal diseases, skin rash and as a pain reliever.

Decoction, powder

EN

[40,43]

55

Moraceae

Ficuspalmata
Forssk.

Hamat

Shrub

Latex, fruits

Used as an analgesic, soothing and laxative and in diseases of the lungs and bladder

Drops

EN

[40,42,45]

56

Moringaceae

Moringaperegrina(Forssk.) Fiori

Moringa

Tree

Seeds, leaves

Use for back and muscle pains, burns, fever, headache, abdominal pain and constipation, and during labour in childbirth

Infusion, powder, oil

Yes

NE

[1,43,45]

57

Myrtaceae

MyrtuscommunisL.

Ace Marouf

Shrub

Leaves, oil, fruit

Use for skin, stomach, and liver diseases, bladder, in the treatment of indigestion, epilepsy, and mouth ulcers, relieve scorpion stings, helps in hair growth, diuretic, bleeding, as a germicide, disinfectant, for rheumatism, strong laxative, internal ulcers, respiratory problems, and tonic for brain and heart

Decoction, oil, paste

Yes

EN

[29,40,45]

58

Oleaceae

Oleaeuropaea
L.

Zeetoun

Tree

Resin, fruit, leaves and bark

Use for neurologic, respiratory, digestive, muscular, reproductive, ear and throat, cardiovascular, skin rashes, constipation, cataracts, bone fractures, blisters and ulcers

Raw

Yes

NE

[29,42,43,45]

59

Orobanchaceae

Cistanchetubulosa(Schenk) Wight ex Hook.f.

Dhanun, Zanoon

Herb

Stem, leaves and flowers

Used for treating diarrhoea

Decoction

EN

[33,40,43,45]

60

Plantaginaceae

Plantagoovata
Forssk.

Rebla, Qurayta

Herb

Seeds

Use for chronic colitis, an emollient, demulcent and astringent, a diuretic and for treating venereal diseases

Infusion, decoction, powder

Yes

NE

[1,43,45]

61

Plantaginaceae

Plantagoafra
L.

Kzaam, Gteena

Herb

Seeds

It is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, ulcers, strong laxative, colon disorders and dysentery ulcerative.

Powder

Yes

NE

[45,52]

62

Plumbaginaceae

PlumbagozeylanicaL.

Ensain

Shrub

Roots and stems

Used for treating skin problems, also for leprosy

Powder

EN

[1,40,43]

63

Poaceae

Cymbopogonschoenanthus(L.) Spreng.

Azkar

Herb

Whole plant

Use for anorexia, polyarthritis, hysteritis, analgesic, sedative, expectorant, prevent skin problems, antispasmodic, hypotension, carminative, colic gripes, flatulence

Decoction, infusion

Yes

NE

[1,33,45]

64

Poaceae

HordeumvulgareL.

Shaeir

Herb

Seeds

Use for cardiovascular, neurologic, urinary tract infections and retention

Decoction, infusion, drink

Yes

NE

[29,44]

65

Polygonaceae

CalligonumcomosumL'Hér.

Arta’a

Shrub

Stems, leaves, whole plant

Use as an antimicrobial, and toothache

Drying

Yes

NE

[31,43]

66

Polygonaceae

Rumexcyprius
Murb.

Hamsis

Herb

Leaves

Used for retentions of blood in the urine and urinary tract infections

Eat

EN

[40,44,71]

67

Portulacaceae

PortulacaoleraceaL.

Regla

Herb

Whole plant

Use as an anti- inflammation, constipation, and as a diuretic

Raw, paste

Yes

NE

[43,45,46]

68

Rhamnaceae

Ziziphusspina-christi(L.) Desf.

Sedr

Tree

Leaves, fruit, seeds, bark

Use for duodenum and stomach ache, headache, blisters, bruises, chest pains, fractures, mouth and gum problems

Decoction, powder, raw, infusion, paste

Yes

NE

[42,43,45,46]

69

Rosaceae

Crataegus×sinaicaBoiss.

Alzaroor

Shrub

Leaves, fruits

Used for sexual weakness, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes

Decoction

EN

[40,47,72]

70

Rosaceae

Prunusarabica(Olivier) Meikle

Louisa

Shrub

Whole plant

Used for indigestion and as an appetizer

Infusion

NT

[45,52,54]

71

Rubiaceae

Pyrostriaphyllanthoidea(Baill.) Bridson

Samah

Shrub

Leaves

Used to treat burns

Paste

VU

[51,54]

72

Sapindaceae

Allophylusrubifolius(Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl.

Zerkim

Shrub

Leaves

Used for treating skin ulcers and boils

Powder

EN

[40,43]

73

Tamaricaceae

Tamarixaphylla(L.) H.Karst.

Athal

Tree

Leaves

Use for sores, wounds, wound infection stomach ache, headache, fever, bitter, astringent, tonic, eczema capitis, and during childbirth

Paste

Yes

NE

[42,43,45,46]

74

Zygophyllaceae

Balanitesaegyptiaca(L.) Delile

Heglig

Tree

Stem bark, fruits

Used to treat yellow fever, syphilis, jaundice, epilepsy, liver and spleen problems

Decoction

EN

[1,40,45]