Figure 1: Comparison of average of Thymol composition in Th. kotschyanus in different regions
Regions |
Marzijeran |
Hosseinabad |
Zamenjan |
Gherdoo |
Altitude(m) |
1750 |
1850 |
1950 |
2150 |
Latitude |
34° 08' 13.6" N |
34° 02' 31.5" N |
34° 01' 44.7" N |
34° 02' 13.7" N |
Longtitude |
49° 38' 11" E |
49° 47' 27.9" E |
49° 37' 13.4" E |
49° 41' 36.8" E |
Table 1: Specifications of studied regions
Coefficient of variation |
Experimental error |
Effect of region |
Replicationeffect |
Sources of variations |
- |
6 |
3 |
2 |
Degree of freedom |
5.01 |
0.0053 |
0.16328 ** |
0.121906 ** |
Essential oil yield |
4.26 |
1.8721 |
308.941 ** |
74.8831 ** |
Thymol |
3.29 |
0.0052 |
0.85780 ** |
0.3094 ** |
Borneol |
27.25 |
0.0819 |
0.81070 ** |
0.181 ns |
γ -Terpinene |
101.2 |
0.0816 |
0.11680 * |
0.0588 ns |
Camphene |
58.31 |
0.0625 |
0.76410 ** |
0.0444 ns |
α-pinene |
65.49 |
0.1082 |
0.32130 ns |
0.2491 ns |
Linalool |
57.11 |
0.0823 |
0.09190 ** |
0.0379 ns |
α-terpinene |
71.32 |
0.2708 |
1.14090 * |
0.5686 ns |
Caryophyllene oxide |
5.51 |
0.0001 |
0.00178 ** |
0.00025 ** |
β -Pinene |
3.12 |
0.0003 |
0.05158 ** |
0.02334 ** |
4-Terpineol |
4.78 |
2.4207 |
399.480 ** |
23.914 ** |
Carvacrol |
57.98 |
0.0786 |
0.18620 ns |
0.6575 * |
β -Myrcene |
131.82 |
0.0823 |
0.11067 ns |
0.006616 ns |
Carvacryl acetate |
211.8 |
0.0854 |
0.05875 ns |
0.07602 ns |
α-Humulene |
32.74 |
0.0890 |
0.77392 * |
0.02026 ns |
O-cymene |
38.97 |
0.0905 |
0.41943 * |
0.02298 ns |
Geraniol |
5.32 |
0.0036 |
0.59100 ** |
0.09256 ** |
trans-Caryophyllene |
67.28 |
0.1053 |
0.25618 ns |
0.25374 ns |
Eucalyptol |
3.53 |
0.0001 |
0.00066 ** |
0.00023 ** |
3-Octanol |
2.71 |
0.0001 |
0.00059 ** |
0.00035 ** |
α-Thujene |
6.81 |
0.0001 |
0.01134 ** |
0.00107 ** |
α-Terpineol |
5.75 |
0.0001 |
0.00324 ** |
0.000432 ** |
Eugenol |
3.41 |
0.0001 |
0.00087 ** |
0.000327 ** |
Camphor |
Table 2: Analysis of variance of different compounds in the essential oil of Thymus kotschyanus in different regions
ns: non-significant * significant at 95% ** significant at 99%
The compounds of essential oil (%) |
Marzijeran |
University |
Zamenjan |
Gherdoo |
LSD% |
1750 |
1850 |
1950 |
2150 |
||
Essential oil (%) |
1.16 d |
1.38 c |
1.53 b |
1.71 a |
0.145 |
Thymol |
22.8 c |
24.8 c |
36.3 b |
44.54 a |
2.733 |
Borneol |
1.33 d |
2.54 a |
2.01 c |
2.38 b |
0.144 |
γ -Terpinene |
0.28 b |
1.33 a |
1.14 a |
1.41 a |
0.572 |
Camphene |
0.13 b |
0.21 b |
0.22 b |
0.57 a |
0.271 |
α-pinene |
0.14 b |
0.28 b |
0.22 b |
1.18 a |
0.499 |
Linalool |
0.91 a |
0.48 ab |
0.51 ab |
0.11 b |
0.657 |
α-terpinene |
0.33 a |
0.44 a |
0.74 a |
0.53 a |
0.580 |
Caryophyllene oxide |
0.28 b |
0.58 b |
0.35 b |
1.62 a |
1.040 |
β -Pinene |
0.09 a |
0.07 b |
0.04 c |
0.04 c |
0.006 |
4-Terpineol |
0.38 d |
0.68 a |
0.59 c |
0.63 b |
0.035 |
Carvacrol |
68.4 a |
62.3 b |
52.00 c |
42.19 d |
3.108 |
β -Myrcene |
0.43 b |
0.58 a |
0.60 a |
0.62 a |
0.460 |
Carvacryl acetate |
0.19 a |
0.48 a |
0.14 a |
0.05 a |
0.573 |
α-Humulene |
0.14 a |
0.11 a |
0.06 a |
0.04 a |
0.283 |
O-cymene |
0.14 b |
1.08 a |
0.90 a |
1.31 a |
0.596 |
Geraniol |
1.04 a |
0.91 a |
0.92 a |
0.22 b |
0.601 |
trans-Caryophyllene |
0.49 c |
1.37 a |
1.18 b |
1.47 a |
0.119 |
Eucalyptol |
0.81 a |
0.35 ab |
0.62 ab |
0.15 b |
0.648 |
3-Octanol |
0.05 b |
0.08 a |
0.05 b |
0.05 b |
0.004 |
α-Thujene |
0.08 a |
0.08 a |
0.07 b |
0.05 c |
0.004 |
α-Terpineol |
0.07 d |
0.11 b |
0.09 c |
0.21 a |
0.017 |
Eugenol |
0.04 d |
0.12 a |
0.08 b |
0.07 c |
0.009 |
Camphor |
0.09 a |
0.07 b |
0.05 d |
0.06 c |
0.005 |
Table 3: comparison of mean percentage of essential oils and compounds under the influence of height in Thymus kotschyanus at flowering stage
Soil characteristics |
Marzijeran |
University |
Zamenjan |
Gherdoo |
1750 |
1850 |
1950 |
2150 |
|
Lime |
25.09 |
21.34 |
24.77 |
35.89 |
Potassium |
235.26 |
215.38 |
424.02 |
440.7 |
Phosphorus |
6.213 |
5.318 |
7.207 |
4.194 |
Organic matter |
0.432 |
0.378 |
0.564 |
0.308 |
Nitrogen |
0.149 |
0.169 |
0.199 |
0.169 |
PH |
7.336 |
7.543 |
7.406 |
7.535 |
Electrical conductivity |
0.636 |
0.497 |
0.695 |
0.467 |
Clay (%) |
22.54 |
19.15 |
16.17 |
19.14 |
Silt (%) |
33.17 |
34.43 |
44.73 |
34.46 |
Sand (%) |
44.29 |
46.42 |
39.10 |
46.40 |
Table 4: Compare soil characteristics in four regions
|
Lime |
Potassium |
Phosphorus |
Organic matter |
Nitrogen |
Clay |
Silt |
Sand |
PH |
EC |
Thymol |
0.854** |
0.955** |
-0.113 |
0.014 |
0.585* |
-0.121 |
0.477 |
0.415 |
0.411 |
0.107 |
Carvacrol |
-0.774** |
-0.911** |
0.263 |
0.116 |
-0.49 |
0.297 |
-0.362 |
-0.334 |
-0.247 |
0.08 |
Essential oil |
0.765** |
0.845** |
-0.029 |
0.077 |
0.733** |
-0.016 |
0.575 |
0.645* |
0.616* |
0.123 |
Table 5: The correlation between soil characteristics and essential oil, Thymol and Carvacrol of Thymus kotschyanus
Figure 1: Comparison of average of Thymol composition in Th. kotschyanus in different regions
Figure 2: comparison of the composition average of Carvocrol in Th. kotschyanus in the regions
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance