
Figure 1: Distribution of respondents by their level of severity of COVID-19 on the HADS scale
Characteristics |
Category |
PatientsN=342 |
Healthprofessionaln=158 |
||
Effectif-N |
Percentage(%) |
EffectiveN |
Percentage(%) |
||
Sex |
Female |
175 |
51,17 |
102 |
64,56 |
Male |
167 |
48,83 |
56 |
35,44 |
|
Age(yearsold) |
18–30 |
110 |
32,16 |
49 |
31,01 |
31–40 |
86 |
25,15 |
71 |
44,94 |
|
41-50 |
69 |
20,18 |
29 |
18,35 |
|
>51years old |
77 |
22,51 |
9 |
5,70 |
|
Marital status |
Single |
179 |
52,34 |
90 |
56,96 |
Married |
144 |
42,11 |
66 |
41,77 |
|
Divorced |
9 |
2,63 |
2 |
1,27 |
|
Widowers |
10 |
2,92 |
0 |
0 |
|
Level of education |
University |
197 |
57,60 |
110 |
70,06 |
Secondary |
100 |
29,24 |
47 |
29,93 |
|
Primary |
23 |
6,73 |
- |
- |
|
Unschooled |
22 |
6,43 |
- |
- |
|
-Profession |
Trader,driver,companies |
132 |
38,60 |
||
Unemployed;/household |
117 |
34,21 |
|||
Nurse/Midwife/Caregiver |
- |
- |
91 |
28,75 |
|
Government,institutions |
51 |
14,91 |
- |
- |
|
Student |
42 |
12,28 |
- |
- |
|
Doctor |
- |
27 |
17,09 |
||
Surface technician |
- |
- |
24 |
15,19 |
|
Laboratory technician |
- |
- |
16 |
10,13 |
|
Hospital service |
Department Medicine |
122 |
66,66 |
61 |
33,33 |
Care and services Department |
86 |
82,69 |
18 |
17,31 |
|
Department of surgery and & disciplinary |
73 |
79,34 |
19 |
20,66 |
|
Hygiene,sanitation and technology department |
0 |
0 |
26 |
100 |
|
Department of gynaecology |
29 |
70,73 |
12 |
29,27 |
|
Department of laboratory |
9 |
37,5 |
15 |
62,5 |
|
Emergency department-anesthesia and reanimation |
17 |
73,91 |
61 |
33,33 |
Table 1: Sociodemographic characteristics of the study population (N = 500)
Variable (n, %) |
PatientN=342 |
Health professionalN=158n(%) |
p-value |
|||
COVID Causes Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Individuals |
Yes |
281 (82,2) |
152 (96,2) |
|||
No |
61 (17,8) |
6 (3,8) |
0,000* |
|||
2-Barrier measures |
||||||
Patient N=342(%) |
Health professionalN=158(%) |
p-value |
||||
Social distancing of 1,5m |
Yes |
200(58,5) |
91(57,6) |
|||
No |
142(41,5) |
67 (42,4) |
0,039* |
|||
Hand washing with soap and water |
Yes |
260 (76,0) |
117 (74,1) |
|||
No |
82 (24,0) |
41(25,9) |
0,351 |
|||
Wearing a mask is compulsory |
Yes |
240 (70,2) |
108 (68,4) |
|||
No |
102 (29,8) |
50 (31,6) |
0,452 |
|||
Use a disposable tissue after each usage |
Yes |
72 (21,1) |
46(29,1) |
|||
No |
270 (78.9) |
50(70,9) |
0,774 |
|||
Wearing personal protective equipment(PPE) |
Yes |
45 (13,2) |
46(29,1) |
|||
No |
297 (86,8) |
112 (70,1) |
0,000* |
|||
Sneeze on the elbow of the hand |
Yes |
55 (16,1) |
59 (37,3) |
|||
No |
287(83,9) |
99 (62,7) |
0,001* |
|||
Disinfect hands before and after any contact with people or objects |
Yes |
240 (70,2) |
104 (65,8) |
|||
No |
102 (29,8) |
54(34,2) |
0,422 |
|||
PatientN=342 (%) |
Health ProfessionalN=158 (%) |
p-value |
||||
While taking hot drinks |
Yes |
258(75,4) |
122 (75,4) |
|||
No |
84(24,6) |
36 (24,6) |
0,419 |
|||
By respecting the barrier measures |
Yes |
215 (63,4) |
141 (89,2) |
|||
No |
127 (36,6) |
17(10,8) |
0,302 |
|||
By taking traditional potions |
Yes |
113 (33,1) |
54 (33,8) |
|||
No |
229 (66,9) |
104 (66,2) |
0,001* |
|||
Did not take any barrier measures |
Yes No |
38 (10,9) 304 (89,1) |
2(1,3) 156(98,7) |
0,141 |
||
4- Behavior of those around you after leaving work |
||||||
They are afraid that I infect the whole neighborhood |
47(12,9) |
32 (20,1) |
1 |
|||
My family is afraid of touching me for fear of being infected |
100(29,6) |
49(31,2) |
0,038* |
|||
Everyone consider me as before |
195(58,5) |
77(48,7) |
0,053 |
|||
5- Reaction to the advent of the COVID vaccine and vaccination campaigns roll out |
||||||
I am afraid that I will be injected with this since I was hospitalized in this department |
39(12,2) |
8(4,6) |
1 |
|||
I'm afraid that all health workers will be forced to take this vaccine |
17(5,0) |
37(24,3) |
0,001* |
|||
I get depressed thinking about the side effects of this vaccine |
16(4,7) |
6(3,8) |
0,243 |
|||
I think this could reduce the number of cases of people infected with Covid |
128(38,4) |
64(41,2) |
0,019* |
|||
I get stressed out when I think about the side effects of this vaccine and vaccination |
139(40,7) |
43(27,1) |
0,221 |
Table 2: Distribution of participants on socio-cultural and anthropological perceptions
Department of Medicinen(%) |
Department of emergencies-anesthesia and reanimationn(%) |
Department of care and servicesn(%) |
Department of Gynecologyn(%) |
Department of Surgery and Disciplinaryn(%) |
Department of Hygiene, Sanitation and Technologyn(%) |
Laboratory departmentn(%) |
p-value |
|
No answer |
137(74,9) |
19(82,6) |
100(96,2) |
33(80,5) |
74(92,5) |
42(93,3) |
23(95,8) |
0,541 |
COVID |
24(14,9) |
0(0) |
0(0) |
0(0) |
0(0) |
0(0) |
0(0) |
0,001* |
Referral to Isolation + followed by psychiatry |
22(11,6) |
4(17,2) |
4(3,8) |
7(17) |
6(7,7) |
3(6,7) |
1(4,2) |
0,115 |
Table 3: Distribution of respondents on the treatment of covid19 patients who present a mental disorder according to hospital service (question reserved only for healthcare professional)
PATIENT |
||||||||||||
ANXIETY |
DEPRESSION |
STRESS |
||||||||||
Anxious |
Normal |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
Depressive |
Normal |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
No |
Yes |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
|
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
|
||||||
Sex |
||||||||||||
Female |
170(52,5) |
5(27,8) |
Ref |
1 |
132(51) |
43(51,8) |
Ref |
1 |
96(52,7) |
79(49,4) |
Ref |
1 |
Male |
154(47,5) |
13(72,2) |
2,87(1,0-8,23) |
0,901 |
127(49) |
40(48,2) |
0,97(0,59-1,58) |
0,405 |
86(47,3) |
81(50,6) |
1,14(0,75-1,75) |
0,504 |
Age |
||||||||||||
18 - 30 |
104(32,1) |
6(33,3) |
Ref |
1 |
84(32,4) |
26(31,3) |
Ref |
1 |
68(37,4) |
42(26,2) |
Ref |
1 |
31 - 40 |
82(25,3) |
4(22,2) |
0,84(0,27-2,63) |
0,741 |
57(22) |
29(34,9) |
1,90(1,11-3,26) |
0,503 |
42(23,1) |
44(27,5) |
1,26(0,78-2,06) |
0,140 |
41 - 50 |
66(20,4) |
3(16,7) |
0,78(0,22-2,78) |
0,213 |
54(20,8) |
15(18,1) |
0,84(0,44-1,58) |
0,578 |
35(19,2) |
34(21,2) |
1,13(0,67-1,92) |
0,311 |
51 and a |
72(22,2) |
5(27,8) |
1,34(0,46-3,90) |
>0,9 |
64(24,7) |
13(15,7) |
2,16(1,18-3,96) |
0,012* |
37(20,3) |
40(25,0) |
1,31(0,79-2,17) |
0,324 |
Marital Status |
||||||||||||
Single |
170(52,5) |
9(50) |
Ref |
1 |
132(51) |
47(56,6) |
Ref |
1 |
105(57) |
74(46,2) |
Ref |
1 |
Divorced |
8(2,5) |
1(5,6) |
2,32(0,28-19,6) |
>0,9 |
5(1,9) |
4(4,8) |
2,57(0,67-9,81) |
0,514 |
2(1,1) |
7(4,4) |
4,11(0,84-20,1) |
0,121 |
Married |
136(42) |
8(44,4) |
1 (0,12-7,94) |
0,012* |
114(44) |
30(36,1) |
0,68(0,25-1,85) |
0,034* |
71(39,0) |
73(45,6) |
0,39(0,14-1,04) |
0,241 |
Widower |
10(3,1) |
0(0) |
0,94(0,92-0,97) |
>0,9 |
8(3,1) |
2(2,4) |
0,77(0,16-3,72) |
>0,9 |
4(2,2) |
6(3,8) |
1,73(0,48-6,25) |
0,501 |
Level of education |
||||||||||||
Unschooled |
21(6,5) |
1(5,6) |
Ref |
1 |
17(6,6) |
5(6) |
Ref |
1 |
6(3,3) |
16(10,0) |
Ref |
1 |
Primairy |
21(6,5) |
2(11,1) |
1,80(0,39-8,37) |
0,402 |
15(5,8) |
8(9,6) |
1,73(0,71-5,25) |
0,315 |
14(7,7) |
9(5,6) |
0,71(0,30-1,70) |
0,011* |
Secondary |
96(29,6) |
4(22,2) |
0,68(0,22-2,11) |
0,715 |
79(30,5) |
21(25,3) |
0,77(0,44-1,35) |
0,302 |
56(30,8) |
44(27,5) |
0,85(0,53-1,36) |
0,012* |
University |
186(57,4) |
11(61,1) |
1,16(0,44-3,08) |
0,703 |
148(57,1) |
49(59) |
1,08(0,65-1,78) |
0,321 |
106(58) |
91(56,9) |
0,95(0,62-1,45) |
0,013* |
Hospital Service |
||||||||||||
Laboratory department |
9(2,8) |
0(0) |
Ref |
1 |
7(2,7) |
2(2,4) |
Ref |
1 |
8(4,4) |
1(0,6) |
Ref |
1 |
Single |
170(52,5) |
9(50) |
Ref |
1 |
132(51) |
47(56,6) |
Ref |
1 |
105(57) |
74(46,2) |
Ref |
1 |
Divorced |
8(2,5) |
1(5,6) |
2,32(0,28-19,6) |
>0,9 |
5(1,9) |
4(4,8) |
2,57(0,67-9,81) |
0,514 |
2(1,1) |
7(4,4) |
4,11(0,84-20,1) |
0,121 |
Married |
136(42) |
8(44,4) |
1 (0,12-7,94) |
0,012* |
114(44) |
30(36,1) |
0,68(0,25-1,85) |
0,034* |
71(39,0) |
73(45,6) |
0,39(0,14-1,04) |
0,241 |
Widower |
10(3,1) |
0(0) |
0,94(0,92-0,97) |
>0,9 |
8(3,1) |
2(2,4) |
0,77(0,16-3,72) |
>0,9 |
4(2,2) |
6(3,8) |
1,73(0,48-6,25) |
0,501 |
Level of education |
||||||||||||
Unschooled |
21(6,5) |
1(5,6) |
Ref |
1 |
17(6,6) |
5(6) |
Ref |
1 |
6(3,3) |
16(10,0) |
Ref |
1 |
Primairy |
21(6,5) |
2(11,1) |
1,80(0,39-8,37) |
0,402 |
15(5,8) |
8(9,6) |
1,73(0,71-5,25) |
0,315 |
14(7,7) |
9(5,6) |
0,71(0,30-1,70) |
0,011* |
Secondary |
96(29,6) |
4(22,2) |
0,68(0,22-2,11) |
0,715 |
79(30,5) |
21(25,3) |
0,77(0,44-1,35) |
0,302 |
56(30,8) |
44(27,5) |
0,85(0,53-1,36) |
0,012* |
University |
186(57,4) |
11(61,1) |
1,16(0,44-3,08) |
0,703 |
148(57,1) |
49(59) |
1,08(0,65-1,78) |
0,321 |
106(58) |
91(56,9) |
0,95(0,62-1,45) |
0,013* |
Hospital Service |
||||||||||||
Laboratory department |
9(2,8) |
0(0) |
Ref |
1 |
7(2,7) |
2(2,4) |
Ref |
1 |
8(4,4) |
1(0,6) |
Ref |
1 |
Table 4: Distribution of respondents on the rate of anxiety, depression and stress in patients according to socio-demographic characteristics
Health professional |
||||||||||||
Anxiety |
DEPRESSION |
STRESS |
||||||||||
Anxious |
Normal |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
Depressive |
Normal |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
No |
Yes |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
|
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
|||||||
Sex |
||||||||||||
Female |
96(65,3) |
6(54,5) |
Ref |
1 |
72(66,1) |
30(61,2) |
Ref |
1 |
44(53,7) |
58(76,3) |
Ref |
1 |
Male |
51(34,7) |
5(45,5) |
1,56(0,46-5,39) |
0,513 |
37(33,9) |
19(38,8) |
1,23(0,61-2,48) |
0,409 |
38(46,3) |
18(23,7) |
2,04(1,81-4,71) |
0.022* |
Age |
||||||||||||
18 - 30 |
48(32,7) |
1(9,1) |
Ref |
1 |
34(31,2) |
15(30,6) |
Ref |
1 |
26(31,7) |
23(30,3) |
Ref |
1 |
31 – 40 |
64(43,5) |
7(63,6) |
2,27(0,64-8,10) |
0,130 |
50(45,9) |
21(42,9) |
0,89(0,45-1,75) |
0,514 |
30(36,6) |
41(53,9) |
2,03(1,07-3,84) |
0,643 |
41 - 50 |
27(18,4) |
2(18,2) |
0,99(0,20-4,83) |
0,625 |
18(16,5) |
11(22,4) |
1,46(0,63-3,39) |
0,532 |
20(24,4) |
9(11,8) |
0,47(0,18-0,98) |
0,800 |
51 and above |
8(5,4) |
1(9,1) |
1,74(0,20-15,30) |
0,541 |
7(6,4) |
2(4,1) |
0,62(0.12-3,09) |
>0.9 |
6(7,3) |
3(3,9) |
0,52(0.16-2.16) |
0,800 |
Marital Status |
||||||||||||
Single |
84(57,1) |
6(54,5) |
Ref |
1 |
62(56,9) |
28(57,1) |
Ref |
1 |
44(53,7) |
46(60,5) |
Ref |
1 |
Divorced |
2(1,4) |
0(0) |
0,93(0,89-0,97) |
>0.9 |
2(1,8) |
0(0) |
0,69(0,62-0,76) |
0,501 |
1(1,2) |
1(1,3) |
1,08(0,07-17,6) |
0,715 |
Married |
61(41,5) |
5(45,5) |
1,08(1,03-1,12) |
0,854 |
45(41,3) |
21(42,9) |
1,46(1,31-1,62) |
0,034* |
37(45,1) |
29(38,2) |
0,93(0,06-15,1) |
0,531 |
Level of studies |
||||||||||||
Primary |
2(1,4) |
0(0) |
Ref |
1 |
1(0,9) |
1(2) |
Ref |
1 |
1(1,2) |
1(1,3) |
Ref |
1 |
Secondary |
42(28,6) |
3(27,3) |
0,94(0,24-3,71), |
0,457 |
26(23,9) |
19(38,8) |
2,02(0,98-4,17) |
0,314 |
16(19,5) |
29(38,2) |
2,54(1,24-5,21) |
0,812 |
University |
102(69,4) |
8(72,7) |
2,53(0,98-8,12) |
0,089 |
81(74,3) |
29(59,2) |
0,50(0,25-1,02) |
0,300 |
64(78,0) |
46(60,5) |
0,43(0,21-0,86) |
0,602 |
Hospital service |
||||||||||||
Laboratory department |
15(10,2) |
0(0) |
Ref |
1 |
10(9,2) |
5(10,2) |
Ref |
1 |
9(11,0) |
6(7,9) |
Ref |
1 |
Department of Surgery and Disciplinary |
23(15,6) |
1(9,1) |
0,88(0,11-7,36) |
>0.9 |
16(14,7) |
8(16,3) |
1,01(0,33-3,10) |
>0.9 |
11(13,4) |
8(10,5) |
1,09(0,39-3,06) |
0,813 |
Department of Gynecology |
15(10,2) |
1(9,1) |
1,09(0,55-2,19) |
0,601 |
11(10,1) |
5(10,2) |
0,42(0,09-2,0) |
>0.9 |
7(8,5) |
5(6,6) |
0,76(0,23-2,49) |
0,643 |
Department of Medicine |
9(6,1) |
3(27,3) |
0,35(0,07-1,68) |
0,173 |
10(9,2) |
2(4,1) |
5,73(1,29-24,4) |
0,011* |
2(2,4) |
0(0) |
1,84(0,96-3,54) |
0,064 |
Department of care and services |
17(11,6) |
1(9,1) |
0,77(0,09-3,35) |
0,803 |
11(10,1) |
7(14,3) |
1,49(0,54-4,10) |
0,625 |
7(8,5) |
11(14,5) |
1,81(0,66-4,95) |
0,241 |
Department of emergencies-anesthesia and resuscitation |
57(38,8) |
2(18,2) |
18(3,12-103,74) |
0,000* |
40(36,7) |
19(38,8) |
1,17(0,20-6,31) |
0,874 |
7(8,5) |
2(2,6) |
0,53(0,09-2,96) |
0,873 |
Department of Hygiene, Sanitation and Technology |
3(2) |
3(27,3) |
0,54(0,07-4,42) |
0,559 |
4(3,7) |
2(4,1) |
1,13(0,45-2,86) |
>0.9 |
14(17,1) |
10(13,2) |
0,73(0,31-1,77) |
0,493 |
Table 5: Distribution of respondents on the rate of anxiety, depression and stress among health professional according to socio-demographic characteristics
Correlation analysis |
||||||||||||||
PATIENT |
||||||||||||||
|
ANXIETY |
DEPRESSION |
STRESS |
|||||||||||
Total |
Anxious |
Normal |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
Depressive |
Normal |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
No |
Yes |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
||
N=342 |
n=324 |
n=18 |
n=259 |
n=83 |
n=182 |
n=160 |
||||||||
N(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
||||||||
Organizational factors that may influence covid 19 on mental health |
||||||||||||||
Lack of water points and disinfectant in companies |
No |
153(44,7) |
145(44,8) |
8(44,4) |
1,01(0,39-2,63) |
0,980 |
112(43,2) |
41(49,4) |
0,78(0,48-2,28) |
0,326 |
88(48,4) |
65(40,6) |
1,37(0,89-2,10) |
0,152 |
Yes |
189(55,3) |
179(55,2) |
10(55,6) |
Ref |
147(56,8) |
42(50,6) |
Ref |
94(51,6) |
95(59,4) |
Ref |
||||
Lack of personal protective equipment |
No |
232(67,8) |
222(68,5) |
10(55,6) |
1,74(0,67-4,52) |
0,264 |
171(66) |
61(73,5) |
0,70(0,40)1,22) |
0,205 |
136(74,7) |
96(60) |
1,97(1,24-3,12) |
0,004* |
Yes |
110(32,2) |
102(31,5) |
8(44,4) |
Ref |
88(34) |
22(26,5) |
Ref |
46(25,3) |
64(40) |
Ref |
||||
Upheaval of daily, family and social life |
No |
195(57) |
190(58,6) |
5(27,8) |
3,68(1,28-10,58) |
0,010* |
152(58,7) |
43(51,8) |
1,32(0,80-2,17) |
0,271 |
106(58,2) |
89(55,6) |
1,11(0,73-1,71) |
0,626 |
Yes |
147(43) |
134(41,4) |
13(72,2) |
Ref |
107(41,3) |
40(48,2) |
Ref |
76(41,8) |
71(44,4) |
Ref |
||||
Reassignment of service posts |
No |
213(62,3) |
201(62) |
12(66,7) |
0,82(0,30-2,23) |
0,691 |
164(63,3) |
49(59) |
1,19(0,72-1,99) |
0,483 |
107(58,8) |
106(66,2) |
0,73(0,47-1,13) |
0,156 |
Yes |
129(37,7) |
123(38) |
6(33,3) |
Ref |
95(36,7) |
34(41) |
Ref |
75(41,2) |
54(33,8) |
Ref |
||||
Lack of care materials |
No |
255(74,6) |
241(74,4) |
14(77,8) |
0,70(0,38-1,) |
0,748 |
189(73) |
66(79,5) |
0,83(0,27-2,59) |
0,233 |
136(74,7) |
119(74,4) |
1,02(0,63-1,66) |
0,941 |
Yes |
87(25,4) |
83(25,6) |
4(22,2) |
Ref |
70(27) |
17(20,5) |
Ref |
46(25,3) |
41(25,6) |
Ref |
||||
Lack of communication between colleagues |
No |
276(80,7) |
265(81,8) |
11(61,1) |
2,85(1,06-7,68) |
0,047* |
206(79,5) |
70(84,3) |
0,72(0,37-1,40) |
0,335 |
148(81,3) |
128(80) |
1,09(0,64-1,86) |
0,758 |
Yes |
66(19,3) |
59(18,2) |
7(38,9) |
Ref |
53(20,5) |
13(15,7) |
Ref |
34(18,7) |
32(20) |
Ref |
||||
Risk Factors associated to Anxiety and Depression |
||||||||||||||
The death of caregivers and the population |
No |
84(24,6) |
77(23,8) |
7(38,9) |
2,32(0,79-6,82) |
0,147 |
66(25,5) |
18(21,7) |
1,24(0,68-2,23) |
0,484 |
49(26,9) |
35(21,9) |
1,31(0,80-2,16) |
0,279 |
Yes |
258(75,4) |
247(76,2) |
11(61,1) |
Ref |
193(74,5) |
65(78,3) |
Ref |
133(73,1) |
125(78,1) |
Ref |
||||
The rapid spread of the Virus |
No |
145(42,4) |
136(42) |
9(50) |
1,38(0,38-4,98) |
0,503 |
104(40,2) |
41(49,4) |
0,69(0,42-1,13) |
0,138 |
78(42,9) |
67(41,9) |
1,04(0,68-1,60) |
0,854 |
Yes |
197(57,6) |
188(58) |
9(50) |
Ref |
155(59,8) |
42(50,6) |
Ref |
104(57,1) |
93(58,1) |
Ref |
||||
The fear of infecting his family and loved ones |
No |
287(83,9) |
272(84) |
15(83,3) |
2,58(0,88-7,61) |
0,945 |
216(83,4) |
71(85,5) |
0,85(0,42-1,70) |
0,644 |
158(86,8) |
129(80,6) |
1,58(0,89-2,83) |
0,12 |
Yes |
55(16,1) |
52(16) |
3(16,7) |
Ref |
43(16,6) |
12(14,5) |
Ref |
24(13,2) |
31(19,4) |
Ref |
||||
The severity of the virus |
No |
295(86,3) |
282(87) |
13(72,2) |
1,05(0,39-3,74) |
0,076 |
223(86,1) |
72(86,7) |
0,95(0,46-1,96) |
0,882 |
160(87,9) |
135(84,4) |
1,35(0,73-2,50) |
0,343 |
Yes |
47(13,7) |
42(13) |
5(27,8) |
Ref |
36(13,9) |
11(13,3) |
Ref |
22(12,1) |
25(15,6) |
Ref |
||||
Uncertain knowledge about the virus |
No |
298(87,1) |
283(87,3) |
15(83,3) |
0,72(0,28-1,87) |
0,621 |
225(86,9) |
73(88) |
0,91(0,43-1,93) |
0,621 |
162(89) |
136(85) |
1,42(0,76-2,70) |
0,269 |
Yes |
44(12,9) |
41(12,7) |
3(16,7) |
Ref |
34(13,1) |
10(12) |
Ref |
20(11) |
24(15) |
Ref |
||||
Post traumatic stress disorder |
No |
291(85,1) |
278(85,8) |
13(72,2) |
0,49(0,18-1,31) |
0,115 |
222(85,7) |
69(83,1) |
1,22(0,62-2,38) |
0,115 |
160(87,9) |
131(81,9) |
1,61(0,88-2,93) |
0,118 |
Yes |
51(14,9) |
46(14,2) |
5(27,8) |
Ref |
37(14,3) |
14(16,9) |
Ref |
22(12,1) |
29(18,1) |
Ref |
||||
Risk factor of stress |
||||||||||||||
Lack of support from those around him |
No |
142(41,5) |
132(40,7) |
10(55,6) |
0,55(0,21-1,43) |
110(42,5) |
32(38,6) |
1,18(0,71-1,95) |
0,529 |
77(42,3) |
65(40,6) |
1,07(0,70-1,65) |
0,753 |
|
Yes |
200(58,5) |
192(59,3) |
8(44,4) |
Ref |
149(57,5) |
51(61,4) |
Ref |
105(57,7) |
95(59,4) |
Ref |
||||
The fear of infecting relatives |
No |
207(60,5) |
197(60,8) |
10(55,6) |
1,24(0,48-3,23) |
0,658 |
156(60,2) |
51(61,4) |
0,95(0,57-1,58) |
0,658 |
115(63,2) |
92(57,5) |
1,27(0,82-1,96) |
0,283 |
Yes |
135(39,5) |
127(39,2) |
8(44,4) |
Ref |
103(39,8) |
32(38,6) |
Ref |
67(36,8) |
68(42,5) |
Ref |
||||
The high level of stress at work |
No |
244(71,3) |
234(72,2) |
10(55,6) |
2,08(0,80-5,43) |
0,128 |
185(71,4) |
59(71,1) |
1,02(0,59-1,76) |
0,128 |
136(74,7) |
108(67,5) |
1,42(0,89-2,28) |
0,14 |
Yes |
98(28,7) |
90(27,8) |
8(44,4) |
Ref |
74(28,6) |
24(28,9) |
Ref |
46(25,3) |
52(32,5) |
Ref |
||||
The fear of death |
No |
256(74,9) |
242(74,7) |
14(77,8) |
0,84(0,27-2,63) |
0,769 |
199(76,8) |
57(68,7) |
1,51(0,88-2,61) |
0,136 |
148(81,3) |
108(67,5) |
2,10(1,27-3,45) |
0,003* |
Yes |
86(25,1) |
82(25,3) |
4(22,2) |
Ref |
60(23,2) |
26(31,3) |
Ref |
34(18,7) |
52(32,5) |
Ref |
||||
Isolation or social stigma |
No |
289(84,5) |
276(85,2) |
13(72,2) |
2,21(0,75-6,48) |
0,139 |
217(83,8) |
72(86,7) |
0,79(0,39-1,61) |
0,516 |
155(85,2) |
134(83,8) |
1,11(0,62-2,00) |
0,718 |
Yes |
53(15,5) |
48(14,8) |
5(27,8) |
Ref |
42(16,2) |
11(13,3) |
Ref |
27(14,8) |
26(16,2) |
Ref |
||||
Sensation since covid appearance |
||||||||||||||
No feeling |
No |
178(52) |
169(52,2) |
9(50) |
1,09(0,42-2,82) |
0,858 |
137(52,9) |
41(49,4) |
1,15(0,70-1,89) |
0,579 |
19(10,4) |
159(99,4) |
0,01(0,0-0,1) |
0,000* |
Yes |
164(48) |
155(47,8) |
9(50) |
Ref |
122(47,1) |
42(50,6) |
Ref |
163(89,6) |
1(0,6) |
Ref |
||||
Stress |
No |
254(74,3) |
239(73,8) |
15(83,3) |
0,56(0,16-1,99) |
0,366 |
192(74,1) |
62(74,7) |
0,97(0,55-1,71) |
0,918 |
182(100) |
72(45) |
0,28(0,23-0,35) |
0,000* |
Yes |
88(25,7) |
85(26,2) |
3(16,7) |
Ref |
67(25,9) |
21(25,3) |
Ref |
0(0) |
88(55) |
Ref |
||||
A little confused |
No |
270(78,9) |
257(79,3) |
13(72,2) |
1,47(0,51-4,28) |
0,472 |
201(77,6) |
69(83,1) |
0,70(0,37-1,34) |
0,283 |
182(100) |
88(55) |
0,33(0,28-0,39) |
0,000* |
Yes |
72(21,1) |
67(20,7) |
5(27,8) |
Ref |
58(22,4) |
14(16,9) |
Ref |
0(0) |
72(45) |
Ref |
||||
Depressed |
No |
331(96,8) |
314(96,9) |
17(94,4) |
1,84(0,22-15,28) |
0,536 |
253(97,7) |
78(94) |
2,70(0,80-9,10) |
0,002* |
171(94) |
160(100) |
0,52(0,47-0,57) |
0,096 |
Yes |
11(3,2) |
10(3,1) |
1(5,6) |
Ref |
6(2,3) |
5(6) |
Ref |
11(6) |
0(0) |
Ref |
||||
Consequence of COVID in the society |
||||||||||||||
Drop of ecomy |
No |
39(11,4) |
36(11,1) |
3(16,7) |
0,63(0,17-2,26) |
1 |
30(11,6) |
9(10,8) |
1,08(0,49-2,37) |
1 |
15(8,2) |
24(15) |
0,51(0,26-1,01) |
1 |
Yes |
288(88,9) |
288(88,9) |
15(83,3) |
Ref |
0,470 |
229(88,4) |
74(89,2) |
Ref |
0,854 |
167(91,8) |
136(85) |
Ref |
0,040* |
|
Psychological disorders |
No |
201(58,8) |
191(59) |
10(55,6) |
1,15(0,44-2,98 |
1 |
151(58,3) |
50(60,2) |
0,92(0,56-1,53) |
1 |
120(65,9) |
81(50,6) |
1,89(1,22-2,92) |
1 |
Yes |
141(41,2) |
133(41) |
8(44,4) |
Ref |
0,776 |
108(41,7) |
33(39,8) |
Ref |
0,755 |
62(34,1) |
79(49,4) |
Ref |
0,004* |
|
Change in lifestyle |
No |
251(73,4) |
241(74,4) |
10(55,6) |
2,32(0,88-6,08) |
1 |
195(75,3) |
56(67,5) |
1,47(0,86-2,52) |
1 |
136(74,7) |
115(71,9) |
1,16(0,72-1,87) |
1 |
Yes |
91(26,6) |
83(25,6) |
8(44,4) |
Ref |
0,079 |
64(24,7) |
27(32,5) |
Ref |
0,161 |
46(25,3) |
45(28,1) |
Ref |
0,552 |
|
Suicide |
No |
326(95,3) |
311(96) |
15(83,3) |
4,79(1,23-18,61) |
1 |
246(95) |
80(96,4) |
0,71(0,20-2,55) |
1 |
176(96,7) |
150(93,8) |
1,96(0,69-5,51) |
1 |
Yes |
16(4,7 |
13(4) |
3(16,7) |
Ref |
0,013* |
13(5) |
3(3,6) |
Ref |
0,598 |
6(3,3) |
10(6,2) |
Ref |
0,197 |
Table 6: Distribution of respondents on the Correlations between the factors, determinants and the impact of covid-19 on psycho-mental health in patients
HEALTH PROFESSIONAL |
|||||||||||||||
Total |
ANXIETY |
DEPRESSION |
STRESS |
||||||||||||
Anxious |
Normal |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
Depressive |
Normal |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
No |
Yes |
OR (IC95%) |
P-value |
||||
N=158 |
n=147 |
n=111 |
n=109 |
n=49 |
n=182 |
n=76 |
|||||||||
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
n(%) |
|||||||||
Organizational factors that may influence covid 19 on mental health |
|||||||||||||||
Lack of water and disinfectant points in companies/ health facilities |
No |
77(48,7) |
75(51) |
2(18,2) |
4,69(0,98-22,44) |
0,036* |
52(47,7) |
25(51) |
4,69(0,98-22,44) |
0,7 |
38(46,3) |
39(51,3) |
0,82(0,44-1,53) |
0,532 |
|
Yes |
81(51,3) |
72(49) |
9(81,8) |
Ref |
57(52,3) |
24(49) |
Ref |
44(53,7) |
37(48,7) |
Ref |
|||||
Lack of personal protective equipment |
No |
42(26,6) |
40(27,2) |
2(18,2) |
1,68(0,35-8,12) |
0,513 |
24(22) |
18(36,7) |
1,68(0,35-8,12) |
0,053 |
25(30,5) |
17(22,4) |
1,52(0,74-3,11) |
0,248 |
|
Yes |
116(73,4) |
107(72,8) |
9(81,8) |
Ref |
85(78) |
31(63,3) |
Ref |
57(69,5) |
59(77,6) |
Ref |
|||||
Disruption of daily, family and social life |
No |
84(53,2) |
79(53,7) |
5(45,5) |
1,39(0,41-4,77) |
0,595 |
55(50,5) |
29(59,2) |
1,39(0,41-4,77) |
0,309 |
49(59,8) |
35(46,1) |
1,74(0,93-3,27) |
0,085 |
|
Yes |
74(46,8) |
68(46,3) |
6(54,5) |
Ref |
54(49,5) |
20(40,8) |
Ref |
33(40,2) |
41(53,9) |
Ref |
|||||
Reallocation of post service |
No |
76(48,1) |
69(46,9) |
7(63,6) |
0,51(0,14-1,80) |
0,285 |
52(47,7) |
24(49) |
0,51(0,14-1,80) |
0,882 |
40(48,8) |
36(47,4) |
1,06(0,57-1,97) |
0,859 |
|
Yes |
82(51,9) |
78(53,1) |
4(36,4) |
Ref |
57(52,3) |
25(51) |
Ref |
42(51,2) |
40(52,6) |
Ref |
|||||
Lack of care materials |
No |
60(38) |
55(37,4) |
5(45,5) |
0,72(0,21-2,46) |
0,596 |
39(35,8) |
21(42,9) |
0,72(0,21-2,46) |
0,397 |
29(35,4) |
31(40,8) |
0,79(0,42-1,51) |
0,483 |
|
Yes |
98(62) |
92(62,6) |
6(54,5) |
Ref |
70(64,2) |
28(57,1) |
Ref |
53(64,6) |
45(59,2) |
Ref |
|||||
Lack of communication between colleagues |
No |
111(70,3) |
105(71,4) |
6(54,5) |
2,08(0,60-7,19) |
0,237 |
74(67,9) |
37(75,5) |
2,08(0,60-7,20) |
0,332 |
61(74,4) |
50(65,8) |
1,51(0,76-2,99) |
0,237 |
|
Yes |
47(29,7) |
42(28,6) |
5(45,5) |
Ref |
35(32,1) |
12(24,5) |
Ref |
21(25,6) |
26(34,2) |
Ref |
|||||
Risk Factors Associated to Anxiety and Depression |
|||||||||||||||
The death of caregivers and the population |
No |
29(18,4) |
26(17,7) |
3(27,3) |
0,57(0,14-2,31) |
0,428 |
17(15,6) |
12(24,5) |
0,57(0,25-1,31) |
0,182 |
15(18,3) |
14(18,4) |
0,99(0,44-2,22) |
0,983 |
|
Yes |
129(81,6) |
121(82,3) |
8(72,7) |
Ref |
92(84,4) |
37(75,5) |
Ref |
67(81,7) |
62(81,6) |
Ref |
|||||
Rapid spread of Virus |
No |
40(25,3) |
36(24,5) |
4(36,4) |
0,57(0,16-2,05) |
0,382 |
28(25,7) |
12(24,5) |
1,06(0,49-2,33) |
0,873 |
20(24,4) |
20(26,3) |
0,90(0,44-1,85) |
0,781 |
|
Yes |
118(74,7) |
111(75,5) |
7(63,6) |
Ref |
81(74,3) |
37(75,5) |
Ref |
62(75,6) |
56(73,7) |
Ref |
|||||
The fear of infecting the family and loved ones |
No |
106(67,1) |
100(68) |
6(54,5) |
1,77(0,52-6,12) |
0,359 |
77(70,6) |
29(59,2) |
1,66(0,82-3,35) |
0,156 |
59(72) |
47(61,8) |
1,58(0,81-3,09) |
0,177 |
|
Yes |
52(32,9) |
47(32) |
5(45,5) |
Ref |
32(29,4) |
20(40,8) |
Ref |
23(28) |
29(38,2) |
Ref |
|||||
The severity of the virus |
No |
99(62,7) |
94(63,9) |
5(45,5) |
2,12(0,62-7,31) |
0,221 |
67(61,5) |
32(65,3) |
0,85(0,41-1,71) |
0,645 |
53(64,6) |
46(60,5) |
1,19(0,63-2,27) |
0,594 |
|
Yes |
59(37,3) |
53(36,1) |
6(54,5) |
Ref |
42(38,5) |
17(34,7) |
Ref |
29(35,4) |
30(39,5) |
Ref |
|||||
Uncertain knowledge about the virus |
No |
107(67,7) |
100(68) |
7(63,6) |
1,22(0,34-4,36) |
0,764 |
70(64,2) |
37(75,5) |
0,58(0,27-1,25) |
0,16 |
57(69,5) |
50(65,8) |
1,19(0,61-2,31) |
0,617 |
|
Yes |
51(32,3) |
47(32) |
4(36,4) |
Ref |
39(35,8) |
12(24,5) |
Rf |
25(30,5) |
26(34,2) |
Ref |
|||||
Post traumatic stress disorder |
No |
118(74,7) |
110(74,8) |
8(72,7) |
1,12(0,28-4,42) |
0,877 |
77(70,6) |
41(83,7) |
0,47(0,20-1,12) |
0,081 |
59(72) |
59(77,6) |
0,74(0,36-1,52) |
0,412 |
|
Yes |
40(25,3) |
37(25,2) |
3(27,3) |
Ref |
32(29,4) |
8(16,3) |
Ref |
23(28) |
17(22,4) |
Ref |
|||||
Risk factor for stress |
|||||||||||||||
Lack of support from his surrounding |
No |
39(24,7) |
36(24,5) |
3(27,3) |
0,87(0,22-3,44) |
0,836 |
22(20,2) |
17(34,7) |
0,47(0,23-1,01) |
0,050* |
17(20,7) |
22(28,9) |
0,64(0,31-1,33) |
0,231 |
|
Yes |
119(75,3) |
111(75,5) |
8(72,7) |
Ref |
87(79,8) |
32(65,3) |
Ref |
65(79,3) |
54(71,1) |
Ref |
|||||
The fear of infecting the relative |
No |
91(57,6) |
85(57,8) |
6(54,5) |
1,14(0,33-3,91) |
0,832 |
59(54,1) |
32(65,3) |
0,63(0,31-1,26) |
0,189 |
52(63,4) |
39(51,3) |
1,64(0,87-3,11) |
0,124 |
|
Yes |
67(42,4) |
62(42,2) |
5(45,5) |
Ref |
50(45,9) |
17(34,7) |
Ref |
30(36,6) |
37(48,7) |
Ref |
|||||
The high level of stress at work |
No |
89(56,3) |
81(55,1) |
8(72,7) |
0,46(0,12-1,80) |
0,256 |
57(52,3) |
32(65,3) |
0,58(0,29-1,17) |
0,127 |
41(50) |
48(63,2) |
0,58(0,31-1,10) |
0,096 |
|
Yes |
69(43,7) |
66(44,9) |
3(27,3) |
Ref |
|
52(47,7) |
17(34,7) |
Ref |
41(50) |
28(36,8) |
Ref |
||||
Fear of death |
No |
109(69) |
104(70,7) |
5(45,5) |
2,90(0,84-10,02) |
8,00% |
77(70,6) |
32(65,3) |
1,28(0,62-2,62) |
0,502 |
58(70,7) |
51(67,1) |
1,19(0,60-2,33) |
0,622 |
|
Yes |
49(31) |
43(29,3) |
6(54,5) |
Ref |
32(29,4) |
17(34,7) |
Ref |
24(29,3) |
25(32,9) |
Ref |
|||||
Isolation or social stigma |
No |
85(53,8) |
80(54,4) |
5(45,5) |
1,43(0,42-4,90) |
0,565 |
61(56) |
24(49) |
1,32(0,67-2,60) |
0,415 |
43(52,4) |
42(55,3) |
0,89(0,48-1,67) |
0,722 |
|
Yes |
73(46,2) |
67(45,6) |
6(54,5) |
Ref |
48(44) |
25(51) |
Ref |
39(47,6) |
34(44,7) |
Ref |
|||||
Sensation of COVID appearance |
|||||||||||||||
No feeling |
No |
80(50,6) |
76(51,7) |
4(36,4) |
1,87(0,53-6,67) |
0,326 |
56(51,4) |
24(49) |
1,10(0,56-2,16) |
0,78 |
5(6,1) |
75(98,7) |
0,01(0,00-0,01) |
0,000* |
|
Yes |
78(49,4) |
71(48,3) |
7(63,6) |
Ref |
53(48,6) |
25(51) |
Ref |
77(93,9) |
1(1,3) |
Ref |
|||||
Stressed |
No |
111(70,3) |
103(70,1) |
8(72,7) |
0,88(0,22-3,47) |
0,852 |
77(70,6) |
34(69,4) |
1,06(0,51-2,21) |
0,873 |
82(100) |
29(38,2) |
- |
0,000* |
|
Yes |
47(29,7) |
44(29,9) |
3(27,3) |
Ref |
32(29,4) |
15(30,6) |
Ref |
0(0) |
47(61,8) |
||||||
A little confused |
No |
129(81,6) |
118(80,3) |
11(100) |
- |
0,103 |
88(80,7) |
41(83,7) |
0,82(0,33-2,00) |
0,659 |
82(100) |
47(61,8) |
- |
0,000* |
|
Yes |
29(18,4) |
29(19,7) |
0(0) |
21(19,3) |
8(16,3) |
Ref |
0(0) |
29(38,2) |
|||||||
Depressed |
No |
155(98,1) |
144(98) |
11(100) |
- |
0,632 |
107(98,2) |
48(98) |
1,12(0,10-12,59) |
0,93 |
79(96,3) |
76(100) |
- |
0,092 |
|
Yes |
3(1,9) |
3(2) |
0(0) |
2(1,8) |
1(2) |
Ref |
3(3,7) |
0(0) |
|||||||
COVID consequence in society |
|||||||||||||||
Drop of economy |
No |
9(5,7) |
8(5,4) |
1(9,1) |
0,57(0,07-5,07) |
1 |
6(5,5) |
3(6,1) |
0,89(0,21-3,72) |
1 |
6(7,3) |
3(3,9) |
1,92(0,46-7, |
1 |
|
Yes |
149(94,3) |
139(94,6) |
10(90,9) |
Ref |
0,615 |
103(94,5) |
46(93,9) |
Ref |
0,877 |
76(92,7) |
73(96,1) |
Ref |
0,361 |
||
Psychological disorders |
No |
76(48,1) |
73(49,7) |
3(27,3) |
2,63(0,67-10,30) |
1 |
54(49,5) |
22(44,9) |
1,21(0,61-2,37) |
1 |
43(52,4) |
33(43,4) |
1,44(0,77-2, |
1 |
|
Yes |
82(51,9) |
74(50,3) |
8(72,7) |
Ref |
0,152 |
55(50,5) |
27(55,1) |
Ref |
0,589 |
39(47,6) |
43(56,6) |
Ref |
0,257 |
||
Change in lifestyle |
No |
72(45,6) |
70(47,6) |
2(18,2) |
4,09(0,85-18,59) |
1 |
51(46,8) |
21(42,9) |
1,17(0,59-2,31) |
1 |
40(48,8) |
32(42,1) |
1,31(0,70-2, |
1 |
|
Yes |
86(54,4) |
77(52,4) |
9(81,8) |
Ref |
0,059 |
58(53,2) |
28(57,1) |
Ref |
0,646 |
42(51,2) |
44(57,9) |
Ref |
0,400 |
||
Suicide |
No |
152(96,2) |
143(97,3) |
9(81,8) |
7,94(1,28-49,33) |
1 |
104(95,4) |
48(98) |
0,43(0,05-3,81) |
1 |
79(96,3) |
73(96,1) |
1,08(0,21-5, |
1 |
|
Yes |
6(3,8) |
4(2,7) |
2(18,2) |
Ref |
0,010* |
5(4,6) |
1(2) |
Ref |
0,439 |
3(3,7) |
3(3,9) |
Ref |
0,924 |
Table 7: Distribution of respondents on the Correlations between the factors, determinants and the impact of covid-19 on psycho-mental health among health professional
Figure 1: Distribution of respondents by their level of severity of COVID-19 on the HADS scale
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance