1Braeuninger S, Kleinschnitz C (2009) Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia: procedural pitfalls and translational problems. Exp Transl Stroke Med 1:8.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㈀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㈀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀䠀漀礀琀攀 䰀䌀Ⰰ 䈀甀挀栀愀渀 䄀䴀 ⠀㈀  㤀⤀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀攀氀猀攀瘀椀攀爀⸀挀漀洀⼀戀漀漀欀猀⼀栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ渀攀甀爀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ愀最椀渀最⼀栀漀昀⼀㤀㜀㠀ⴀ ⴀ㄀㈀ⴀ㌀㜀㐀㠀㤀㠀ⴀ ∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䄀渀椀洀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀漀欀攀⸀ 䤀渀㨀 䠀漀昀 倀刀Ⰰ  䴀漀戀戀猀 䌀嘀 ⠀䔀搀猀⤀Ⰰ 䠀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一攀甀爀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 䄀最椀渀最㰀⼀愀㸀⸀ 䔀氀猀攀瘀椀攀爀 䤀渀挀⸀Ⰰ 䤀琀愀氀礀Ⰰ 㔀㜀㔀ⴀ㔀㠀㈀⸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
3Traystman RJ (2003) Animal models of focal and global cerebral ischemia. ILAR J 44: 85-95.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㄀ⴀ㌀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀㨀渀漀渀攀㬀∀㸀 
1Braeuninger S, Kleinschnitz C (2009) Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia: procedural pitfalls and translational problems. Exp Transl Stroke Med 1:8.
਀㰀搀椀瘀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㈀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀䠀漀礀琀攀 䰀䌀Ⰰ 䈀甀挀栀愀渀 䄀䴀 ⠀㈀  㤀⤀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀攀氀猀攀瘀椀攀爀⸀挀漀洀⼀戀漀漀欀猀⼀栀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ渀攀甀爀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ愀最椀渀最⼀栀漀昀⼀㤀㜀㠀ⴀ ⴀ㄀㈀ⴀ㌀㜀㐀㠀㤀㠀ⴀ ∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䄀渀椀洀愀氀 洀漀搀攀氀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀漀欀攀⸀ 䤀渀㨀 䠀漀昀 倀刀Ⰰ  䴀漀戀戀猀 䌀嘀 ⠀䔀搀猀⤀Ⰰ 䠀愀渀搀戀漀漀欀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一攀甀爀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 䄀最椀渀最㰀⼀愀㸀⸀ 䔀氀猀攀瘀椀攀爀 䤀渀挀⸀Ⰰ 䤀琀愀氀礀Ⰰ 㔀㜀㔀ⴀ㔀㠀㈀⸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
3Traystman RJ (2003) Animal models of focal and global cerebral ischemia. ILAR J 44: 85-95.
਀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
4Eklöf B, Siesjö BK (1972) The effect of bilateral carotid artery ligation upon the blood flow and energy state of the rat brain. Acta Physiol Scand 86:155-165.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㔀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㔀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀欀氀昀 䈀Ⰰ 匀椀攀猀樀 䈀䬀 ⠀㄀㤀㜀㌀⤀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀漀渀氀椀渀攀氀椀戀爀愀爀礀⸀眀椀氀攀礀⸀挀漀洀⼀搀漀椀⼀㄀ ⸀㄀㄀㄀㄀⼀樀⸀㄀㜀㐀㠀ⴀ㄀㜀㄀㘀⸀㄀㤀㜀㌀⸀琀戀 㔀㌀㘀㜀⸀砀⼀愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䌀攀爀攀戀爀愀氀 戀氀漀漀搀 昀氀漀眀 椀渀 椀猀挀栀攀洀椀愀 挀愀甀猀攀搀 戀礀 挀愀爀漀琀椀搀 愀爀琀攀爀礀 氀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀愀琀⸀ 䄀挀琀愀 倀栀礀猀椀漀氀 匀挀愀渀搀 㠀㜀㨀㘀㤀ⴀ㜀㜀⸀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
6McBean DE, Kelly PA (1998) Rodent models of global cerebral ischemia: a comparison of two-vessel occlusion and four-vessel occlusion. Gen Pharmacol 30:431-434.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㐀ⴀ㘀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀㨀渀漀渀攀㬀∀㸀 
4Eklöf B, Siesjö BK (1972) The effect of bilateral carotid artery ligation upon the blood flow and energy state of the rat brain. Acta Physiol Scand 86:155-165.
਀㰀搀椀瘀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㔀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀欀氀昀 䈀Ⰰ 匀椀攀猀樀 䈀䬀 ⠀㄀㤀㜀㌀⤀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀漀渀氀椀渀攀氀椀戀爀愀爀礀⸀眀椀氀攀礀⸀挀漀洀⼀搀漀椀⼀㄀ ⸀㄀㄀㄀㄀⼀樀⸀㄀㜀㐀㠀ⴀ㄀㜀㄀㘀⸀㄀㤀㜀㌀⸀琀戀 㔀㌀㘀㜀⸀砀⼀愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䌀攀爀攀戀爀愀氀 戀氀漀漀搀 昀氀漀眀 椀渀 椀猀挀栀攀洀椀愀 挀愀甀猀攀搀 戀礀 挀愀爀漀琀椀搀 愀爀琀攀爀礀 氀椀最愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀愀琀⸀ 䄀挀琀愀 倀栀礀猀椀漀氀 匀挀愀渀搀 㠀㜀㨀㘀㤀ⴀ㜀㜀⸀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
6McBean DE, Kelly PA (1998) Rodent models of global cerebral ischemia: a comparison of two-vessel occlusion and four-vessel occlusion. Gen Pharmacol 30:431-434.
਀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
7Ginsberg MD, Busto R (1989) Rodent models of cerebral ischemia. Stroke 20:1627-1642.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㠀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㠀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀䐀椀攀琀爀椀挀栀 圀䐀Ⰰ 䄀氀漀渀猀漀 伀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀琀漀 刀 ⠀㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀挀戀椀⸀渀氀洀⸀渀椀栀⸀最漀瘀⼀瀀甀戀洀攀搀⼀㠀㐀㄀㠀㔀㌀㌀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䴀漀搀攀爀愀琀攀 栀礀瀀攀爀最氀礀挀攀洀椀愀 眀漀爀猀攀渀猀 愀挀甀琀攀 戀氀漀漀搀ⴀ戀爀愀椀渀 戀愀爀爀椀攀爀 椀渀樀甀爀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 昀漀爀攀戀爀愀椀渀 椀猀挀栀攀洀椀愀 椀渀 爀愀琀猀⸀㰀⼀愀㸀 匀琀爀漀欀攀 ㈀㐀㨀㄀㄀㄀ⴀ㄀㄀㘀⸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
9Pulsinelli WA, Waldman S, Rawlinson D, Plum F (1982) Moderate hyperglycemia augments ischemic brain damage: a neuropathological study in the rat. Neurology 32:1239-1246.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㄀ ∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㄀ 㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀匀愀栀愀 䨀䬀Ⰰ 堀椀愀 䨀Ⰰ 䜀爀漀渀搀椀渀 䨀䴀Ⰰ 䔀渀最氀攀 匀䬀Ⰰ 䨀愀欀甀戀漀眀猀欀椀 䨀䄀 ⠀㈀  㔀⤀  㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀挀戀椀⸀渀氀洀⸀渀椀栀⸀最漀瘀⼀瀀甀戀洀攀搀⼀㄀㘀㈀㐀㘀㤀 㘀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䄀挀甀琀攀 栀礀瀀攀爀最氀礀挀攀洀椀愀 椀渀搀甀挀攀搀 戀礀 欀攀琀愀洀椀渀攀⼀砀礀氀愀稀椀渀攀 愀渀攀猀琀栀攀猀椀愀 椀渀 爀愀琀猀㨀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀猀洀猀 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀  昀漀爀  瀀爀攀挀氀椀渀椀挀愀氀  洀漀搀攀氀猀⸀ 㰀⼀愀㸀 䔀砀瀀 䈀椀漀氀 䴀攀搀 ⠀䴀愀礀眀漀漀搀⤀ ㈀㌀ 㨀㜀㜀㜀ⴀ㜀㠀㐀⸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
11Joshi CN, Jain SK, Murthy PS (2004) An optimised triphenyltetrazolium chloride method for identification of cerebral infarcts. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc 13:11-17.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㄀㈀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㄀㈀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀匀氀愀搀漀眀猀欀椀 䐀Ⰰ 匀琀攀攀爀 匀䨀Ⰰ 䌀氀漀琀栀椀攀爀 刀䠀Ⰰ 䈀愀氀氀猀 䴀 ⠀㄀㤀㤀㌀⤀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀挀戀椀⸀渀氀洀⸀渀椀栀⸀最漀瘀⼀瀀甀戀洀攀搀⼀㠀㐀㈀㌀㌀㘀㐀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䄀渀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 䴀吀吀 愀猀猀愀礀⸀㰀⼀愀㸀 䨀 䤀洀洀甀渀漀氀 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 ㄀㔀㜀㨀㈀ ㌀ⴀ㈀ 㜀⸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
13Xue QS, Yu BW, Wang ZJ, Chen HZ (2004) Effects of ketamine, midazolam, thiopental, and propofol on brain ischemia injury in rat cerebral cortical slices. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25:115-120.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㄀㐀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㄀㐀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀倀爀攀猀琀漀渀 䔀Ⰰ 圀攀戀猀琀攀爀 䨀 ⠀㈀   ⤀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀搀椀爀攀挀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀⼀瀀椀椀⼀匀 ㄀㘀㔀 ㈀㜀 㤀㤀  ㄀㐀㘀㘀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀匀瀀攀挀琀爀漀瀀栀漀琀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 戀爀愀椀渀 椀渀樀甀爀礀㰀⼀愀㸀⸀ 䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 一攀甀爀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 㤀㐀㨀㄀㠀㜀ⴀ㄀㤀㈀⸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
15van der Spuy WJ, Pretorius E (2013) A place for ultrastructural analysis of platelets in cerebral ischemic research. Microscopy Research and Technique 76:795-802.
਀㰀搀椀瘀 椀搀㴀∀爀攀昀㄀㌀ⴀ㄀㔀∀ 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀猀瀀攀攀挀栀戀甀戀戀氀攀猀∀ 猀琀礀氀攀㴀∀搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀㨀渀漀渀攀㬀∀㸀 
13Xue QS, Yu BW, Wang ZJ, Chen HZ (2004) Effects of ketamine, midazolam, thiopental, and propofol on brain ischemia injury in rat cerebral cortical slices. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25:115-120.
਀㰀搀椀瘀㸀㰀猀瀀愀渀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀爀攀昀ⴀ渀甀洀戀攀爀∀㸀㄀㐀㰀⼀猀瀀愀渀㸀倀爀攀猀琀漀渀 䔀Ⰰ 圀攀戀猀琀攀爀 䨀 ⠀㈀   ⤀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀猀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀搀椀爀攀挀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⼀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀⼀瀀椀椀⼀匀 ㄀㘀㔀 ㈀㜀 㤀㤀  ㄀㐀㘀㘀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀匀瀀攀挀琀爀漀瀀栀漀琀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 戀爀愀椀渀 椀渀樀甀爀礀㰀⼀愀㸀⸀ 䨀漀甀爀渀愀氀 漀昀 一攀甀爀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䴀攀琀栀漀搀猀 㤀㐀㨀㄀㠀㜀ⴀ㄀㤀㈀⸀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀
15van der Spuy WJ, Pretorius E (2013) A place for ultrastructural analysis of platelets in cerebral ischemic research. Microscopy Research and Technique 76:795-802.
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16Liao S, Chen W, Kuo J, Chen C (2001) Association of serum estrogen level and ischemic neuroprotection in female rats. Neurosci Lett 297:159-162.
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18Selvamani A, Sohrabji F (2010) Reproductive age modulates the impact of focal ischemia on the forebrain as well as the effects of estrogen treatment in female rats. Neurobiol Aging 31:1618-1628.
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