Tables at a glance

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Figures at a glance

Figure 1

Figure 2

Table 1

Sno	drug	Marketed formulation	Application duration	Typeof formulation	dose	referances
1	Donepezil	Adlarity®	7 days	Sustain release	5 or 10mg/day	[5-7]
2	rivastigmine	Exelon®	24 hrs	sustained release	9.5 mg/day	[1,8,9]

Table 1: A summary of transdermal patches/products and their unique features

Table 2

Sr, no.	component	Functions
1	Baking	The backing protects the patch from external contamination
2	drug reservoir	The drug reservoir containing the medicine
3	Membrane	The membrane regulates medication release from the reservoir via the multi-layers and intothe skin.
4	Adhesive	The patch components are adhered to the skin using adhesive.
5	Liner	The liner protects the patch during storage.

Table 2: Basic Component of Transdermal Patch

Table 3

Sr.

Types of transdermalpatches:

Component

Examples

Referances

1

Drug-in-Adhesive System

Backing,Adhesive+ drug,liner.

Rivastigmine drug-in-adhesive patch

[10]

2

Reservoir System

Backing,Drug,membrane,adhesive,liner.

Galantamine hydrobromide loaded gel drug reservoirs in transdermal patch

[11]

3

Matrix System

backing,drugin adhesive,liner.

Rivastigmine matrix-type transdermal patch

[12]

4

Micro-Reservoir System:

backing,drug+ polymer,adhesive,liner.

Galantamine Gel as Drug Reservoir in Transdermal Patch

[13]

Table 3: Types of transdermal patch

Table 4

MN type

Characteristics

Materialdelivary rate

Application

Advantages

Disadvantage

Multi/singleuse

Solid

The skin forms channels that let drugs penetrate to the bottom layer of skin..Mechanical strength is adequate.Sharper point.Simple architecture

Silicon Metal Polymer, fast rate

Drug delivery Cosmetic

It can be fabricated

Patch is susceptible to infection

Can be reuse

Hollow

An empty form that will be filled with the medication.Controlling drug release over time.Simple architecture

Silicon, fast rate

Disease diagnosis

Large amount of drug can be incorporated

Here needle design, insertion method can lead in problems like leakage, clogging.

Can be reuse

Coated

Because of the design, it carries less of the drug.The ability to distribute proteins and DNA with little invasiveness.Intricate structure

Silicon, fast rate

Drug delivery Vaccine delivery

It enables quick delivery to skin

Patch is susceptible to infection

Single purpose

Dissolving

Allows for the fast release of macromolecules.Structure that iscomplex

Polymer, slow rate

Drug delivery Cosmetic Vaccine delivery

Administered easily in one set application

It requires expertise skills during manufacturing and take time to dissolve.

Single use

Table 4: Types of micro needles [39]

Table 5

Drug

Carrier Materia

Particle Size(nm

Zeta Potential(mV)

Outcome

Donepezil

Stearic acid, oleic acid, lecithin,sodium taurodeoxytaurocholate

177.05±
2.12

−55.35

in vitro: Increased drug skin permeation.Enhanced drug delivery

Rivastigmine

GMS, castor oil

134.5
±15.1

−11.8 ±2.24

in vitro/in vivo: Non- irritant.
Enhancedbioavailability.

Table 5: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to treat AD (transdermal) [40]

FIGURE 1

Figure 1: Basic Component of Transdermal Patch

FIGURE 2

Figure 2: Microneedle-Based Patch