Na	Compounds	lRI b	RIac	RIpd	Group I						Group II
					Subgroup Ia			Subgroup Ib			Group II
					M ± SD	Min	Max	M ± SD	Min	Max	M ± SD	Min	Max
1	α-Pinene	931	931	1015	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.3	0.6 ± 0.3	0.4	1.5
2	Camphene	950	948	1059	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1 ± 0.0	0	0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	0	0.1
3	β-Pinene	978	972	1108	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.1	0.7 ± 0.3	0.4	1.4
4	p-Cymene	1015	1013	1264	0.1 ± 0.0	0	0.1	0.0 ± 0.0	0	0	0.1 ± 0.1	0	0.5
5	Limonene	1025	1022	1200	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1 ± 0.0	0	0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.4
6	α-Campholenal	1105	1105	1481	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.3
7	Nopinone	1116	1108	1578	0.6 ± 0.1	0.5	0.7	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2	0.2	0.6 ± 0.6	0.1	1.7
8	Cis-verbenol	1132	1131	1655	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3	0.5	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.1	0.5 ± 0.3	0.1	0.9
9	Pinocarvone	1137	1139	1558	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.2	0.6 ± 0.4	0.2	1.8
10	Myrtenal	1172	1169	1628	0.4 ± 0.2	0.3	0.7	0.3 ± 0.1	0.2	0.4	0.8 ± 0.2	0.6	1.6
11	Trans-Dihydrocarvone	1177	1181	1626	0.4 ± 0.2	0.2	0.7	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4 ± 0.3	0.1	1.2
12	Verbenone	1183	1185	1707	0.6 ± 0.1	0.5	0.6	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.2	0.6 ± 0.4	0	1.4
13	Cuminaldehyde	1213	1212	1782	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1 ± 0.1	0	0.1	0.1 ± 0.2	0	0.7
14	Transcarveol	1200	1202	1824	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3 ± 0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1 ± 0.1	0	0.2
15	Carvone	1214	1216	1739	0.1 ± 0.0	tr	0.1	0.1 ± 0.1	0	0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.5
16	α-Ylangene	1374	1371	1476	1.3 ± 0.3	1	1.7	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7	1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.6
17	α-Copaene	1379	1375	1488	1.4 ± 0.3	1.1	1.6	1.5 ± 0.4	1	2.1	1.9 ± 0.5	1.1	2.9
18	β-Elemene	1389	1386	1589	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.7	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3	0.4	0.3 ± 0.1	0.1	0.4
19	Sativene	1395	1393	1529	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.2	0.6 ± 0.8	0.1	1.8	0.2 ± 0.2	0	0.5
20	Cyperene	1402	1400	1531	8.5 ± 1.8	6.5	11.1	5.6 ± 0.5	5.1	6.6	1.5 ± 0.6	0.7	2.9
21	β-Caryophyllene	1421	1417	1583	0.5 ± 0.1	0.3	0.6	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3 ± 0.1	0.2	0.4
22	Humulene	1455	1450	1660	0.7 ± 0.1	0.6	0.9	0.3 ± 0.1	0.2	0.4	0.9 ± 0.5	0.3	1.7
23	Rotundene	1461	1456	1629	2.0 ± 0.2	1.7	2.3	1.9 ± 0.3	1.5	2.3	0.6 ± 0.4	0.2	1.3
24	Alloaromadendrene	1462	1462	1638	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.6	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3	0.4	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.4
25	γ-Muurolene	1474	1470	1681	1.4 ± 0.4	1	2	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3	0.6	0.8 ± 0.3	0.1	1.2
26	Germacrene D	1479	1476	1704	0.1 ± 0.0	0	0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0 ± 0.0	0	0
27	β-guaiene	1482	1484	1719	0.3 ± 0.0	0.3	0.4	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1 ± 0.1	0	0.6
28	Germacrene A	1484	1485	1695	0.3 ± 0.1	0.2	0.4	0.6 ± 0.1	0.5	0.6	0.2 ± 0.2	0	0.7
29	α-Bulnesene	1503	1494	1711	0.9 ± 0.1	0.8	1.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.6	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.7
30	β-Bisabolene	1503	1501	1718	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1	0.2	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.2	-	-	-
31	δ-Cadinene	1520	1514	1746	1.1 ± 0.3	0.6	1.3	1.4 ± 0.1	1.2	1.6	0.6 ± 0.2	0.3	1
32	α-Calocorene	1527	1528	1895	0.6 ± 0.2	0.5	0.9	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.6	0.3 ± 0.1	0.1	0.4
33	β-Calocorene	1545	1548	1902	-	-	-	0.3 ± 0.2	0	0.5	0.1 ± 0.1	0	0.3
34	Nootkatene	1512	1509	1812	0.7 ± 0.2	0.4	1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.3	0.6	0.5 ± 0.1	0.2	0.6
35	Salvidienol	1541	1540	1980	1.3 ± 0.3	1.1	1.8	1.1 ± 0.1	1	1.3	1.6 ± 0.3	1.1	2.2
36	Epiglobulol	1552	1562	2037	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.6	1.0 ± 0.3	0.7	1.4	0.3 ± 0.2	0	0.6
37	Spathulenol	1572	1560	2119	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1	0.2	1.9 ± 0.7	1.2	3	1.0 ± 0.1	0.7	1.2
38	Caryophyllene oxide	1570	1573	1959	6.3 ± 0.9	5.5	7.8	6.8 ± 0.9	5.7	7.8	23.2 ± 2.9	18	28.1
39	β-Copaen-4-α-ol	1572	1583	2141	1.4 ± 0.2	1.1	1.7	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1	1.3	0.8 ±0 .3	0.2	1.2
40	Humulene epoxide 2	1602	1598	2044	22.6 ± 0.6	21.9	23.5	7.8 ± 0.9	6.5	8.6	32.4 ± 3.3	26.4	38.3
41	Caryophylla- 4 (14), 8 (15)-dien-5α-ol	1620	1628	2285	1.3 ± 0.2	1.1	1.5	1.9 ± 0.3	1.5	2.3	0.7 ± 0.4	0.3	1.6
42	Longiverbenone	1644	1652	2230	5.0 ± 0.3	4.5	5.3	8.4 ± 1.1	6.6	9.4	5.2 ± 1.9	3	10.8
43	Amorpha-4,7(11)-diene-3-one	1667	1664	2245	3.2 ± 0.4	2.8	3.8	3.2 ± 0.4	2.8	3.8	2.4 ± 0.9	1.1	3.9
44	Mustakone	1669	1667	2270	3.2 ± 0.6	2.3	4	8.6 ± 0.3	8.2	9.1	2.2 ± 0.5	1	2.9
45	Cyperotundone	1671	1673	2278	11.5 ± 1.5	10.2	14	12.5 ± 1.5	10.7	15.1	1.4 ± 0.1	1.2	1.6
46	Ylangenal	1675	1677	2300	1.5 ± 0.3	0.9	1.8	3.7 ± 0.3	3.3	4.3	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.6
47	Cyperenal	1765	1735		1.6 ± 0.1	1.5	1.7	2.6 ± 0.2	2.3	2.8	1.1 ± 0.2	0.9	1.5
48	Cyclocolorenone	1751	1765	2348	1.4 ± 0.2	1.1	1.7	1.9 ± 0.1	1.8	2.1	0.7 ± 0.2	0.5	1.4
49	α-Cyperone	1758	1778	2358	0.3 ± 0.1	0.3	0.4	1.3 ± 0.3	1.1	1.8	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3	0.5
Hydrocarbon monoterpenes					0.7 ± 0.1	0.6	0.8	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4	0.6	1.7 ± 0.6	1	3.3
Oxygenated monoterpenes					3.1 ± 0.4	2.6	3.7	1.6 ± 0.2	1.4	1.8	4.1 ± 1.5	1.8	7.4
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes					21.1 ± 3.2	17.1	25.2	16.2 ± 1.0	15	17.3	9.6 ± 1.7	7.2	12.6
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes					61.1 ± 2.9	58.9	66	63.9 ± 2.4	61.5	68	73.8 ± 4.7	67.4	81.5
Total identified (%)					85.9 ± 1.8	84	88.5	82.1 ± 1.7	80.6	85.2	89.1 ± 3.4	81.9	94
Yields (w/w vs dry material)					1.1 ± 0.1	1	1.2	0.9 ± 0.1	0.8	1	1.2 ± 0.5	0.6	2.6
a Order of elution is given on non polar column (Rtx-1).
b Retention indices of literature on the non polar column (lRIa) [29].
c Retention indices on the nonpolar Rtx-1 column (RIa).
d Retention indices on the polar Rtx-Wax column (RIp).

Table 1: Chemical variability of the essential oils from C. rotundus rhizomes according to sample locations in Senegal

Tables at a glance

Figures at a glance