Tables at a glance

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Figures at a glance

Comments

Structures Comments

Comments

Figure 1

Comments

Figure 2

Comments

Figure 3

Comments

Figure 4

Comments

Figure 5

Table 1

Parameter(%)	Colocasiaesculenta	Brachystegiaeurycoma
Crude Protein	5.08^b ±0.02	13.42^a ±0.5
Crude Fibre	1.93^b ±0.5	3.67^a ±0.50
Moisture Content	7.63^b ±0.04	9.16^a ±0.30
Fat Content	2.31^b ±0.50	8.23^a ±1.93
Ash	2.81^b ±0.03	3.48^a ±0.02
Carbohydrate	80.24^a ±0.2	62.04^b ±0.65

Table 1: Result of Proximate Analysis of the samples
Values show means of triplicate analysis ± standard deviation. Figures with different superscript across the rows are significantly different at (p= 0.05).

Table 2

Parameters	Colocasiaesculenta	Brachystegiaeurycoma
Flavonoids	+	++
Alkaloids	+++	–
Saponins	–	+
Tannins	+	–
Protein	++	++
Terpenoids	+++	++
Phenol	+	+
Steroids	+++	+++
Cardiac glycoside	–	++
Reducing sugar	+	+
Anthraquinones	–	+

Table 2: Qualitative Phytochemical Screening Results
KEY: +++ Significantly present, ++ moderately present, + weakly present, - absent

Table 3

Parameters	Colocasiaesculenta	Brachystegiaeurycoma
Flavonoids	10.91^b ±2.89	79.34^a ±2.02
Alkaloids	158.25^a ±4.9	0.85^b ±0.10
Saponins	0.54^b ±0.02	1.68^a ±0.05
Tannins	53.88^a ±1.83	15.98^b ±3.01
Protein	60.09^b ±3.15	69.84^a ±3.61
Terpenoids	240.08^a ±6.4	202.38^b ±6
Phenol	71.22^a ±2.32	68.89^b ±3.00
Steroids	75.90^b ±5.60	77.06^a ±3.41
Cardiac glycoside	0.87^b ±0.01	3.68^a ±0.25
Reducing sugar	19.07^b ±2.03	20.88^a ±1.9
Anthraquinones	0.38^b ±0.08	3.48^a ±1.10

Values show means of triplicate analysis ± standard deviation. Figures with different superscript across the rows are significantly different at (p = 0.05).

Table 3: Quantitative Phytochemical Screening Results in mg/100g
Values show means of triplicate analysis ± standard deviation. Figures with different superscript across the rows are significantly different at (p= 0.05).

Table 4

Parameter	Colocasiaesculenta	Brachystegiaeurycoma
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)	25.21^b ±0.02	216.11^a ±4.38
Niacin (Vitamin B3)	4.55^b ±0.69	8.59^a ±0.74
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)	13.66^b ±0.45	16.68^a ±0.68
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)	6.38^b ±0.98	18.24^a ±3.77

Table 4: Vitamin Contents of Soup Thickeners in mg/100g
Values show means of triplicate analysis ± standard deviation. Figures with different superscript across the rows are significantly different at (p= 0.05).

Table 5

Colocasiaesculenta			Brachystegiaeurycoma
Element	Atomic Conc.	WeightConc.	AtomicConc.	Weight Conc.
C	72.97	66.16	79.60	73.47
N	23.72	25.08	17.22	18.54
Si	0.14	0.30	0.15	0.33
Fe	0.25	1.04	-.	-
Ca	0.18	0.54	1.02	3.14
Ti	0.12	0.44	0.13	0.46
Al	0.34	0.70	0.34	0.71
K	1.05	3.10	-	-
P	0.31	0.72	0.35	0.83
Na	0.32	0.56	0.32	0.56
S	0.19	0.47	0.36	0.89
Mg	0.24	0.43	0.40	0.76
Cl	0.17	0.46	0.12	0.32

Table 5: EDX elemental composition of the phyto-synthesized nanoparticles

Table 6

RT (min)	Compound	Molecular Formula	MW gmol^-1	Peak Area %
25.57	Eicosene, (E)-	C₂₀H₄₀	280	2.12
29.68	n-hexadecanoic acid	C₁₆ H₃₂ O₂	256	17.58
33.14	9,17-Octadecadienal, (Z)-	C₁₈ H₃₂ O	264	16.67
34.73	Oleic acid	C₁₆ H₃₄ O₂	282	10.25
35.85	Octadecanal	C₁₈ H₃₆ O	268	48.18
38.85	17-pentatriacontene	C₃₅ H₇₀	490	5.20

Table 6: GC-MS Results of Brachystegia eurycoma

Table 7

RT (min)	Compound	Molecular Formula	MW gmol ^-1	Peak Area %
10.85	Benzoic acid	C₇ H₆ O₂	122	15.89
19.09	Butylated hydroxytoluene	C₁₅ H₂₄ O	220	51.64
23.47	Heptadecane	C₁₇ H₃₆	240	6.45
25.62	9-eicosene, (E)-	C₂₀ H₄₀	280	5.86
36.45	1-hexacosene	C₂₆ H₅₂	364	20.16

Table 7: GC-MS Results of Colocasia esculenta

Table 8

Sample	Average particle size (nm)	Average area (nm )²
Colocasiaesculenta	81.83	42.89
Brahystegiaeurycoma	70.38	35.79

Table 8: Particle size and area of the phyto-synthesized nanoparticles of the samples

FIGURE 0

Structures

FIGURE 1

Figure 1: Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) seeds

FIGURE 2

Figure 2: Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott corms and flour

FIGURE 3

Figure 3: GC-MS Chromatogram of B. eurycoma extracts

FIGURE 4

Figure 4: GC-MS Chromatogram of C. esculenta extract

FIGURE 5

Figure 5: Scanning Electron Microscopy images of iron-synthesized nanoparticles using Colocasia esculenta (ede) and Brachstegia eurycoma (achi) extracts with their respective histograms showing particle size distribution