YEAR |
CASES |
% |
2011 |
25 |
16,49 |
2012 |
19 |
12,83 |
2013 |
11 |
7,43 |
2014 |
22 |
14,86 |
2015 |
12 |
8,10 |
2016 |
21 |
14,15 |
2017 |
16 |
10,81 |
2018 |
6 |
4,05 |
2019 |
16 |
10,81 |
Table 1: Cases divided for year
MONTH |
CASES |
% |
January |
12 |
8,10 |
February |
11 |
7,43 |
March |
15 |
10,13 |
April |
14 |
9,45 |
May |
10 |
6,75 |
June |
16 |
10,81 |
July |
12 |
8,10 |
August |
13 |
8,78 |
September |
7 |
4,72 |
October |
15 |
10,13 |
Novembre |
9 |
6,08 |
December |
14 |
9,54 |
Table 2: cases splitted by months of diagnosys
CAUSES |
NUMBER OF CASES |
% |
Cataract surgery |
86 |
58,11 |
Blebitis |
14 |
9,46 |
Intravitreal Injection |
11 |
7,43 |
Perforating trauma |
9 |
6,08 |
Vitrectomy |
7 |
4,73 |
Endogenous |
4 |
2,70 |
Corneal suture removal |
3 |
2,03 |
Endothelial keratoplasty |
2 |
1,35 |
Corneal abscess |
2 |
1,35 |
Corneal ulcer |
2 |
1,35 |
Iris melanoma surgery |
1 |
0,68 |
Keratotomy wound leak |
1 |
0,68 |
Silicone oil removal |
1 |
0,68 |
corneal wound |
1 |
0,68 |
IOL reposition |
1 |
0,68 |
Valve tube extrusion |
1 |
0,68 |
Yag laser Capsulotomy |
1 |
0,68 |
Abscess on previous keratoplasty |
1 |
0,68 |
Table 3: Causes of endophthalmitis
MICROORGANISM |
NUMBER OF CASES |
% |
Staphylococcus epidermidis |
23 |
15,54 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
10 |
6,76 |
Staphylococcus hominis |
8 |
5,41 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
5 |
3,38 |
Streptococcus sanguinis |
5 |
3,38 |
Staphylococcus aureus |
4 |
2,70 |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus |
3 |
2,03 |
Enterococcus faecalis |
2 |
1,35 |
Escherichia coli |
2 |
1,35 |
Granulicatella adiacens |
2 |
1,35 |
Serratia marcescens |
2 |
1,35 |
Staphylococcus lugdunensis |
2 |
1,35 |
Streptococcus gordonii |
2 |
1,35 |
Aspergillus fumigatus |
1 |
0,68 |
Bifidobacterium species |
1 |
0,68 |
Candida parapsilosis |
1 |
0,68 |
Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum |
1 |
0,68 |
Haemophilus influenzae |
1 |
0,68 |
Morganella morganii |
1 |
0,68 |
Staphylococcus lentus |
1 |
0,68 |
Streptococco oralis and Streptococco mitis |
1 |
0,68 |
Streptococcus agalatiae and Enterobacter aerogenes |
1 |
0,68 |
Streptococcus parasanguinis and Neisseria suppurans |
1 |
0,68 |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
1 |
0,68 |
Streptococcus viridans |
1 |
0,68 |
Abiotrophia defectiva |
1 |
0,68 |
Table 4: Cases related to different microrganisms
MICRORGANISM |
NUMBER OF CASES |
% |
Staphylococcus epidermidis |
15 |
28,30 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
6 |
11,32 |
Staphylococcus hominis |
5 |
9,43 |
Streptococcus sanguis |
5 |
9,43 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
3 |
5,66 |
Enterococcus faecalis |
2 |
3,77 |
Serratia marcescens |
2 |
3,77 |
Staphylococcus aureus |
2 |
3,77 |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus |
2 |
3,77 |
Staphylococcus lugdunensis |
2 |
3,77 |
Streptococcus gordonii |
2 |
3,77 |
Aspergillus fumigatus |
1 |
1,89 |
Candida parapsilosis |
1 |
1,89 |
Granulicatella adiacens |
1 |
1,89 |
Morganella morganii |
1 |
1,89 |
Staphylococcus lentus |
1 |
1,89 |
Streptococcus oralis ans Streptococcus mitis |
1 |
1,89 |
Abiotrophia defectiva |
1 |
1,89 |
Table 5: Cases related to different microrganisms after cataract surgery
MICROBES |
EVS |
UK |
NETHERLANDS |
INDIA |
INDIA |
CHINA |
OUR STUDY (ALL CASES) |
OUR STUDY (POST-CATARACT SURGERY) |
GRAM-POSITIVE |
|
93,4 |
|
|
53,1 |
73,9 |
83,5 |
77,8 |
CNS |
70 |
62,3 |
53,6 |
18,6 |
33,3 |
45,5 |
43,5 |
46,3 |
S. AUREUS |
10 |
4,9 |
12 |
11,4 |
|
12,4 |
4,7 |
3,7 |
STREPTOCOCCUS SPP |
9 |
19,6 |
19 |
2,9 |
10,3 |
6,2 |
27,0 |
27,8 |
ENTEROCOCCUS SPP |
2 |
3,3 |
1,8 |
1,4 |
|
7,2 |
2,3 |
3,7 |
OTHER GRAM-POSITIVE |
3 |
3,3 |
5,2 |
10 |
|
2,6 |
|
|
GRAM-NEGATIVE |
6 |
6,6 |
6 |
42 |
26,2 |
13,4 |
15,3 |
18,5 |
FUNGAL |
|
|
|
7,1 |
16,7 |
12,7 |
2,3 |
3,7 |
Table 6: Etiology of our endophthalmitis compared with other studies in different countries
WAITING TIME (hours) |
NUMBER OF CASES |
% |
< 24 |
108 |
79,41 |
> 24, < 48 |
15 |
11,03 |
> 48, < 72 |
4 |
2,94 |
> 72 |
9 |
6,62 |
Table 7a: patients divided for waiting time from Emergency Department admission and vitrectomy
YEAR |
WAITING TIME (hours) |
NUMBER OF CASES |
% |
2011 |
< 24 |
12 |
8,82 |
> 24, < 48 |
5 |
3,68 |
|
> 48, < 72 |
2 |
1,47 |
|
> 72 |
5 |
3,68 |
|
2012 |
< 24 |
8 |
5,88 |
> 24, < 48 |
6 |
4,41 |
|
> 48, < 72 |
2 |
1,47 |
|
2013 |
< 24 |
10 |
7,35 |
2014 |
< 24 |
21 |
15,44 |
> 24, < 48 |
1 |
0,74 |
|
2015 |
< 24 |
10 |
7,35 |
> 24, < 48 |
1 |
0,74 |
|
2016 |
< 24 |
14 |
10,29 |
> 24, < 48 |
2 |
1,47 |
|
> 72 |
3 |
2,21 |
|
2017 |
< 24 |
14 |
10,29 |
> 72 |
1 |
0,74 |
|
2018 |
< 24 |
5 |
3,68 |
2019 |
< 24 |
14 |
10,29 |
Table 7b: Patients divided for waiting time from Emergency Department admission and vitrectomy and for years
DAYS |
MEAN VA INCREASE |
0 |
3,74 ± 3,02 |
1 |
2,1 ± 2,01 |
2 |
0,5 ± 0,96 |
3 |
0,34 ± 0,25 |
5 |
0,16 ± 0,26 |
more |
0 |
Table 8: Relationship between waiting time from admission to vitrectomy and visual improvement
DAYS |
MEAN VA INCREASE |
0 |
3,97 ± 2,93 |
1 |
2,42 ± 2,04 |
2 |
0,67 ± 1,10 |
3 |
0,27 ± 0,31 |
Table 9: Relationship between waiting time from admission to vitrectomy and visual improvement after cataract surgery
PATIENTS OPERATED BEFORE 24 HOURS |
||
VA INCREASE ( SNELLEN ) |
% OF PATIENTS |
|
9 |
1,03 |
|
8 |
8,25 |
|
7 |
6,19 |
|
6 |
9,28 |
|
5 |
10,31 |
|
4 |
13,40 |
|
3 |
8,25 |
|
2 |
8,25 |
|
1 |
6,19 |
|
<1 |
13,40 |
|
0 |
15,46 |
Table 10: Percentage of patients underwent vitrectomy before 24 hours with visual improvement
MEAN VA INCREASE |
MEAN DAYS FROM ADMISSION |
>5 |
0 |
4 |
0,08 ± 0,08 |
3 |
0,3 ± 0,3 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0,5 ± 0,83 |
<1 |
0,65 ± 1,03 |
0 |
0,14 ± 3,02 |
Table 11: Visual acuity improvement correlation to vitrectomy delay
MICROORGANISM |
VISUAL ACUITY INCREASE |
P |
Staphylococcus epidermidis |
4,20 ± 2,66 |
0,257 |
Staphylococcus hominis |
1,90 ± 2,06 |
0,051 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
3,99 ± 3,16 |
0,433 |
Streptococcus sanguinis |
1,81 ± 2,47 |
0,059 |
Table 12: Correlation between visual impairment and type of microorganism
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance