Figure1: Genetic expression profile of cancer stem cells for treatment prediction. a) Chronic Inflammatory Process and Increase in Tumor Size by Adipocytes and Fibroblasts. 1-a) the progression of cancer is a complex process and involves a set of factors that lead to conditions in which cancer cells survive and thrive. 1-b) the other cells, including cancer-related fibroblasts and adipocytes, together, help to increase the number of cancer cells and their involvement. Inflamed areas help cancer cells grow further. Adipocytes involved in the area with the secretion of various adipokines and cytokines, various inflammatory cells, especially macrophages are directed to the cancerous tissue and are drawn to it, which is followed by conditions. 1-c) as the cancer progresses Hypoxia occurs which stimulates transcription of hypoxia genes and lead to the cancer resistance to drug resistance. (7)

Figure2: The application of the mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma cancer and effective gene profile in their differentiation. Glioblastoma treatment by mesenchymal stem cells genetic engineered approach, with boosting the immune system. After Glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (gbMSCs) are isolated from brain tumor tissue, they are able to express a variety of factors that depend on extracellular environment conditions, such as hypoxia. Resistant tumor specimens have higher levels of gbMSC, which reduces patients' chances of survival. As shown in Figure 2, there are two subtypes of gbMSC called CD90 + and CD90-, which will produce VEGF and PGE2 to a greater extent (>) than CD90 +. The expression of a series of genes (shown in the figure) indicates the fact that these cells are somehow involved in a process that leads to tumor progression. The approach that can be taken to treat this type of tumor is the engineering and targeted modification of the genetic material of mesenchymal stem cells, leading to the secretion of IFN-Beta and the expression of cytokines that increases the penetration of immune T cells (CD8 + and CD4 +) in the area of involvement in the brain, thus strengthening a person's immunity to fight tumors. CD: Cluster of differentiation, VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor, PGE2: prostaglandin E2

Figure3: Strategies for differentiating tooth pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into neurons and genes influencing this pathway in the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases. Cell population isolated from the supporting tissue of the tooth and dental pulp after birth, which due to its similar properties to stem cells are also called dental pulp stem cells with different markers like (CD105, etc…). According to the figure, in these cells we will see the expression of a series of genes (NANOG, etc.). By transplanting and implanting these cells into a healthy brain, we will see an increase in expression in genes that produce factors such as VEGF and EGF at the transplant site. DPSCs can have the ability to regulate brain tissue, especially in cases of brain injury or treatment of spinal cord injuries. These cells (DPSCs) have been shown to exhibit neuroprotective and regenerative properties by secreting neurotrophic factors such as NGF, NT-3, BDNF, and gluten cell neutrophils. EGF: Epidermal Growth Factor, DPSCs: Dental pulp stems cells, BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-3: Neurotrophin-3, NGF: Nerve growth factor, upward arrow: Increase in expression level

Figure4: Usage of stem cells to regenerate different organs. First, the relevant organ is emptied of cells, so that the cellular network of the relevant organ is maintained as a scaffold or frame. The frame is then filled with genetically modified cells that are purposefully modified or, by cells with normal function under specific culture conditions (Illustrated by the first author). -4a) The use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to build the heart or the biological material needed to repair or treat heart failure. -4b) Extracellular and bio-supporting mesenchymal stem cells to build the liver. -4c) Use of embryonic and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in kidney construction. -4d) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair the lung. BMMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells, ESCs: Embryonic stem cells