Figure 1: Comparison of heart rate variability (HRV) measures (Left: HFnu, Right: LF/HF) before and after viewing sea video. Gray bars represent the Low EPDS group and black bars represent the High EPDS group
|
All(mean±SD) |
All(Min-Max) |
EPDS≧9(n=6) |
EPDS<9(n=26) |
p value |
Age(years) |
33.8±4.2 |
25-43 |
34.8±1.7 |
33.6±0.8 |
0.516 |
Weight(kg) |
56.5±15.6 |
37-110 |
57.0±6.5 |
56.4±3.1 |
0.937 |
Height(cm) |
156.1±6.4 |
145-166 |
155.8±6.3 |
156.1±6.5 |
0.923 |
BMI |
23.1±5.5 |
17-40 |
23.5±2.3 |
23.0±1.1 |
0.845 |
Primipara(%) |
19/32(59.4) |
1/6(16.6) |
12/26 (46.2) |
0.185 |
|
Employed person (%) |
24/32(75.0) |
0/6(0) |
18/26(69.2) |
0.117 |
|
EPDSscore |
5.0±3.4 |
0-13 |
|
Table 1: Patients’ characteristics (n=32)
SD, standard deviation; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; BMI, body mass index.
Variable |
Baseline |
Pleasurable stimulation by sea image video |
||||||
All (n=32) |
EPDS>9(n=6) |
EPDS<9(n=26) |
p value |
All (n=32) |
EPDS>9(n=6) |
EPDS<9(n=26) |
p value |
|
RRmean(ms) |
82.8±9.6 |
83.5±7.9 |
82.7±10.2 |
0.8514 |
82.8±8.6 |
84.7±6.5 |
82.3±9.1 |
0.5582 |
LF |
382.6±222.0 |
361.0±173.6 |
387.5±234.4 |
0.7967 |
352.6±276.2 |
334.4±132.3 |
357.0±302.7 |
0.8374 |
HF |
323.8±325.2 |
321.5±180.8 |
324.4±352.9 |
0.9848 |
438.5±507.6 |
460.3±433.0 |
446.7±101.6 |
0.8374 |
LF/HF |
2.44±1.98 |
1.55±1.04 |
2.65±2.10 |
0.2262 |
1.87±1.63 |
1.15±0.96 |
1.90±01.60 |
0.2799 |
HFnu |
40.6±20.0 |
46.3±18.0 |
39.3±20.6 |
0.4539 |
49.9±17.8 |
57.9±15.7 |
48.7±317.1 |
0.2423 |
CVRR |
4.54±1.24 |
4.73±0.63 |
4.50±1.35 |
0.6875 |
4.62±1.26 |
4.59±0.57 |
4.49±1.32 |
0.8551 |
Table 2: HRV parameters in baseline and sea video viewing
Student t-test was used for comparisons between pregnant women at high risk for depression (EPDS greater than 9) and those at low risk (EPDS less than 9). EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depresson Scale; RRmean: mean RR interval; LF: low frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz); HF: high fre- quency (0.15-0.40 Hz); HFnu: Standardization HF (normalized unit); CVRR: RR interval coefficient of variation
|
Baseline |
Pleasurable stimulation by sea image video |
||||||
All(n=31) |
EPDS≧9(n=5) |
EPDS<9(n=26) |
p value |
All(n=31) |
EPDS≧9(n=5) |
EPDS<9(n=26) |
value |
|
L ave |
0.09±0.34 |
-0.01±0.15 |
0.11±0.07 |
0.4715 |
0.17±0.39 |
-0.11±0.29 |
0.22±0.38 |
0.0829 |
L |
0.42±0.40 |
0.35±0.49 |
0.44±0.39 |
0.6918 |
0.42±0.39 |
0.05±0.16 |
0.49±0.07 |
0.0182 |
R ave |
0.14±0.60 |
-0.21±0.56 |
0.20±0.59 |
0.1594 |
0.21±0.61 |
-0.14±0.65 |
0.28±0.58 |
0.1549 |
R |
0.41±0.65 |
0.08±0.44 |
0.48±0.67 |
0.2271 |
0.43±0.62 |
0.003±0.27 |
0.51±0.11 |
0.0950 |
L-R |
-0.04±0.64 |
0.20±0.67 |
-0.09±0.64 |
0.3614 |
-0.05±0.64 |
0.04±0.28 |
-0.06±0.13 |
0.7540 |
Table 3: Brain activity measures at baseline and sea video viewing
L ave: average left frontal lobe brain activity; L max: maximum left frontal lobe brain activity; R ave: average left and right frontal lobe brain activity; R max: maximum left and right frontal lobe brain activity; L-R ave: average difference in left and right frontal lobe brain activity
Figure 1: Comparison of heart rate variability (HRV) measures (Left: HFnu, Right: LF/HF) before and after viewing sea video. Gray bars represent the Low EPDS group and black bars represent the High EPDS group
Figure 2: Association between the EPDS score and left frontal lobe brain activity. The amount of brain activity in the left frontal lobe by viewing sea images shows a negative correlation trend with the EPDS score
Figure 3: Comparison of brain activity measures before and after viewing the sea video. The graph shows the change in frontal lobe brain activity between baseline and sea video viewing. The left panel shows left frontal lobe brain activity, the center panel shows right frontal lobe brain activity, and the right panel shows the difference between the left and right frontal lobe activities
Tables at a glance
Figures at a glance