1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). HIV in Women

2Gynecologic care for women with human immunodeficiency virus (2010) Practice Bulletin No. 117. ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins--Gynecology. Obstet Gynecol 16: 1492–1509.

3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013) Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States.

4Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2011) Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance.

5Rock, JA & Jones HW (2011) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. In TeLinde’s Operative Gynecology (10th edn,) Philadelphia, USA: Wolters Kluwer.

6Condoms and HIV Prevention(2004) Position statement by WHO, UNAIDS, and UNFPA. WHO.

7Weller. S, Davis. K ( 2002) Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003255.

8Winer RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, O'Reilly S, Kiviat NB, et al. (2006) Condom use and the risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med 354: 2645–2654.

9Sanders SA, Yarber WL, Kaufman EL, Crosby RA, Graham CA, et al. (2012) Condom use errors and problems: a global view. Sexual Health. 9: 81-95.

10Sanders SA, Reece M, Herbenick D, Schick V, Dodge B, et al. (2010) Condom use during most recent vaginal intercourse event among a probability sample of adults in the United States. J Sex Med 5: 362-373.

11Noar SM, Crosby R, Benac C, Snow G, Troutman A ( 2011) Application of attitude-social influence-efficacy model to condom use among African-American STD clinic patients: implications for tailored health communication. AIDS Behav 15: 1045-1057.

12Sobo EJ (1993) Inter-city women and AIDS: The psycho-social benefits of unsafe sex. Cult Med Psychiatry 17: 455-485.

13Chin HB, Sipe TA, Elder R, Mercer SL, Chattopadhyay SK, et al.(2012) The effectiveness of group-based comprehensive risk-reduction and abstinence education interventions to prevent or reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus, and sexually transmitted infections. Am J Prev Med. 42: 272- 294.

14Peragallo N, Gonzalez-Guarda RM, McCabe BE, Cianelli R (2012) The efficacy of an HIV risk reduction intervention for Hispanic women. AIDS Behav 16: 1316-1326.

15Otto-Salaj LL, Traxel N, Brondio MJ, Reed B, Gore-Felton C,et al ( 2010) Reactions of heterosexual African-American men to women’s condom negotiation strategies. J Sex Res. 47 : 539-551.

16French SE, Holland KJ (2013) Condom negotiation strategies as a mediator of the relationship between self-efficacy and condom use. J Sex Res. 1: 48-59.

17Kennedy BR, Jenkins CC (2011) Promoting African American women and sexual assertiveness in reducing HIV/AIDS: an analytical review of the research literature. J Cult Divers 18: 142-149.

18Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ, Mikhail I, Lang DL, McCree DH, et al. (2004) A Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted diseases Among Women Living with HIV: The WiLLOW Trial. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr 37 : S58- S67.

19Lang DL, Salazar LF, Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ, Mikhail I, et al. (2007) Associations between gender-based violence and pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, condom use practices, and negotiation of sexual practices among HIV-positive women. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr 46:216-221.

20Department of Health: District of Columbia. (2011) Annual Report 2011.

21Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2011) HIV/AIDS Statistics and Surveillance.

22Carey MP, Schroder KEE (2002) Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief HIV Knowledge Questionnaire. AIDS Educ Prev 14: 172-182.