Figure 1 Age distribution of the women who completed the questionnaire
A total of 410 women participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. The respondents in the various age groups were 18-25 years (75), 26-30 years (127), 31-35 years (91), 36-40 (117). Figure 1 shows the age group-wise distribution in % form.
Figure 2 Frequency of practice of SKY
Scale |
Item |
Abbreviated Item Content |
Physical Functioning (PF) |
3a |
Vigorous activities, such as running , lifting heavy objects, or participating in strenuous sports |
3b |
Moderate activities, such as a moving a table, pushing a vacuum cleaner, bowling, or playing golf |
|
3c |
Lifting or carrying groceries |
|
3d |
Climbing several flights of stairs |
|
3e |
Climbing one flight of stairs |
|
3f |
Bending, kneeling, or stooping |
|
3g |
Walking more than a mile |
|
3h |
Walking several hundred of yards |
|
3i |
Walking one hundred yards |
|
3j |
Bathing or dressing oneself |
|
Role–Physical (RP) |
4a |
Cut down amount of time one spent on work other activities |
4b |
Accomplished less than you would like |
|
4c |
Limited in kind of work or other activities |
|
4d |
Had difficulty performing work or other activities(e.g., it took extra effort) |
|
Bodily pain (BP) |
7 |
Intensity of bodily pain |
8 |
Extent pain interfered with normal work |
|
General Health (GH) |
1 |
Is your health: excellent, very good, good, fair, poor |
11a |
Seem to get sick a little easier than other people |
|
11b |
As healthy as anybody I know |
|
11c |
Expect my health to get worse |
|
11d |
Health is excellent |
|
Vitality (VT) |
9a |
Feel full of life |
9e |
Have a lot of energy |
|
9g |
Feel worn out |
|
9i |
Feel tired |
|
Social Functioning (SF) |
6 |
Extent health problems interfered with normal social activities |
10 |
Frequency health problem health interfered with social activities |
|
Role Emotional (RE) |
5a |
Cut down the amount of time spent on work or other activities |
5b |
Accomplished less than you would like |
|
5c |
Did work or other activities less carefully than usual |
|
Mental Health (MH) |
9b |
Been very nervous |
9c |
Felt so down in the dumps that nothing could cheer you up |
|
9d |
Felt calm and peaceful |
|
9f |
Felt downhearted and depressed |
|
9h |
Been Happy |
|
Reported Health Transition (HT) |
2 |
How health is now compared to 1 year ago |
Table 1: Abbreviated Item content for the SF 36 Health Survey Health domain scales (adapted from An excerpt from the User's Manual for the SF-36v2 Health Survey)
SCALE |
ITEM |
Chronbach's ALPHA |
MEAN |
SD |
Physical Functioning |
10 |
0.916 |
24.4209 |
3.0277 |
Role Limitations |
5 |
0.82 |
19.8982 |
3.4097 |
Energy/Fatigue |
4 |
0.621 |
34.0783 |
4.8012 |
Emotional well being |
5 |
0.773 |
27.5775 |
3.0314 |
Social functioning |
2 |
0.559 |
27.3399 |
3.3091 |
Pain |
2 |
0.776 |
27.6232 |
3.5351 |
General Health |
5 |
0.727 |
25.9178 |
6.0798 |
Table 2: Measurement of Chronbachs alpha score
Attribute |
Before SKY |
After SKY |
Change Significant (p<0.05) |
Rating of general health (% of Ex/V Good) |
14.39% |
74.63% |
Yes |
Amount of time cut down on work due to health (Yes%/No %) |
44.39/54.39 |
22.20/76.59 |
Yes |
Accomplished less than normal due to health (Yes/No %) |
52.93/43.17 |
22.93/73.17 |
Yes |
Limitation in work or other activities due to health (Yes/No%) |
50.98/48.05 |
17.56/81.46 |
Yes |
A Had difficulty in performing work(Yes/No%) |
60.0/39.27 |
15.37/83.90 |
Yes |
Didn't do work or other activities as carefully due to health (Yes/No %) |
49.51/49.51 |
19.76/79.27 |
Yes |
Extent that physical health/emotional problems interfered with your normal social activities with family, friends, groups (Not at all/slightly %) |
8.78/20.49 |
36.83/39.76 |
Yes |
Body Pain experienced (severe/V. Severe %) |
19.75/11.95 |
4.62/1.46 |
Yes |
How much did pain interfere with your normal work (Not at all/A little) |
15.61/19.26 |
33.90/41.95 |
Yes |
Table 3: Overall comparison before and after SKY practice: impact on general health
Attribute |
Dependency |
Chi Sq Cal |
Chi SqCrit (alpha, df) |
Amount of time cut down on work due to health (Yes%/No %) |
Independent |
0.08 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Accomplished less than normal due to health (Yes/No %) |
Independent |
3.44 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Limitation in work or other activities due to health (Yes/No %) |
Independent |
1.31 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
A Had difficulty in performing work(Yes/No%) |
Independent |
1.36 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Didn't do work or other activities as carefully due to health (Yes/No %) |
Independent |
1.14 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Extent that physical health/emotional problems interfered with your normal social activities with family, friends, groups (Not at all/slightly %) |
Independent |
13.62 |
21.02(0.05,12) |
Body Pain experienced (severe/V. Severe%) |
Independent |
18.50 |
24.99(0.05,15) |
How much did pain interfere with your normal work (Not at all/A little %) |
Dependent |
30.46 |
21.07(0.05,12) |
Table 4: A statistically significant improvement (p< 0.05) in post SKY responses in all the four age groups in respect of most of the attributes of health.
ATTRIBUTE |
DEPENDENCY |
CHI SQ CAL |
CHI SQ CRIT(alpha, df) |
Health rated after SKY |
Independent |
11.27 |
16.91(0.05,9) |
Amount of time cut down on work due to health after SKY |
Independent |
2.52 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Accomplished less than normal due to health |
Independent |
4.09 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Limitation in work or other activities due to health |
Independent |
5.74 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Had difficulty in performing work after |
Independent |
3.38 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Didn't do work or other activities as carefully due to health after SKY |
Independent |
3.63 |
7.81(0.05,3) |
Extent that physical health/emotional problems interfered with your normal social activities with family after SKY |
Independent |
10.66 |
21.02(0.05,12 |
Pain experienced |
Independent |
23.46 |
24.99(0.05,15) |
How much did pain interfere with your normal |
Independent |
16.74 |
21.02(0.05,12 |
Table 5: NUMBER OF YEARS SINCE SKY and improvement of all symptoms
ATTRIBUTE |
DEPENDENCY |
CHI SQ CAL |
CHI SQ CRIT(alpha, df) |
|
Health rated after SKY |
Dependent |
30.79 |
24.99(0.05,15) |
|
Amount of time cut down on work due to health |
Dependent |
14.10 |
11.07(0.05,5) |
|
Accomplished less than normal due to health |
Independent |
7.58 |
11.07(0.05,5) |
|
Limitation in work or other activities due to health |
Independent |
4.56 |
11.07(0.05,5) |
|
AA( Had difficulty in performing work after SKY |
Independent |
5.60 |
11.07(0.05,5) |
|
Didn't do work or other activities as carefully due to health after SKY |
Independent |
2.89 |
11.07(0.05,5) |
|
Extent that physical health/emotional problems interfered with your normal social activities with family after SKY |
Dependent |
51.67 |
31.41(0.05,20) |
|
Pain experienced after SKY |
Dependent |
48.57 |
37.65(0.05,25) |
|
How much did pain interfere with your normal work after SKY) |
Dependent |
31.41 |
31.41(0.05,20) |
|
Table 6: Frequency of Practice of SKY and dependency