Figure 1 The scatter plot of correlation of leptin changes with body mass index, birth weight, and total weight gain.

Factors

Categories

Normal group

Obese group

p-value

Education

Elementary school

9(40%)

11(47.8%)

0.54

Diploma or higher

13(60%)

12(52.2%)

Income

Poor economic class

1(4.5%)

2(8.7%)

0.87

Middle economic class

16(72.2%)

20(87%)

Desirable economic class

5(21.7%)

1(4.3%)

Sex of newborns

Boy

8(36.4%)

12(52.2%)

0.29

Girl

14(63.6%)

11(47.8%)

Type of deliveries

Vaginal

12(54.5%)

13(56.5%)

0.89

Cesarean

10(45.5%)

10(43.5%)

Table 1: Demographic information of mothers

Parameter

Categories

B

Std. Error

t

Sig.

Intercept

-

4.330

2.343

1.848

.073

Husband's job

Services industry

-0.785

0.459

-1.711

0.096

clerk

-

-

-

-

Number of a family member

2

0.390

1.178

0.331

0.743

3

-0.010

0.703

-.014

0.989

≥4

-

-

-

-

Infant's gender

Boy

-0.615

0.343

-1.791

0.082

girl

-

-

-

-

BMI before pregnancy

-0.039

0.052

-0.742

0.463

Number of parturition

-1.504

0.565

-2.661

0.012

Number of pregnancy

1.372

0.686

2.002

0.053

Number of abortion

1.524

0.362

4.208

<0.001

Table 2: General linear model result of factors affecting BMI during pregnancy

Weight(kg)

 

Leptin

(ng/ml)

Modified total weight gain

Lambda test

Pierson test

Normal group(22)

Obese group (23)

P value

R

P value

R

P-Value

Lambda

Leptin(first trimester)

P<0/01

R= -0/371

P<0/01

R= -0/148

P=0/07

-1/8

Leptin(second trimester)

P=0/01

R=-0/109

P=0/728

R=-0/014

P=0/47

-0/7

Leptin changes

P<0/01

R= 0/527

P<0/01

R=0/254

P=0/01

2/64

Table 3. correlation of leptin levels and total weight gain