24-hour Microalbuminuria |
Valid N ((100)) |
|
Dimension |
Positive |
26 (26 %) |
Negative (< 30 mg/day) |
72 (72 %) |
|
Total |
100 |
*Values (categorical data) are given numbers (percentage).
Table 1: Distribution of patients as regard the 24-hour Micro-albuminuria*
Class of DM |
n = 28(% within positive) |
Class A: Gestional Diabetes |
16 (57.14%) |
Class B: onset at age 20 or older or with duration of less than 10 years |
8(28.57%) |
Class C: onset at age 10-19 or duration of 10–19 years |
2(7.14%) |
Class D: onset before age 10 or duration greater than 20 years |
0 |
Class E: overt diabetes mellitus with calcified pelvic vessels |
0 |
Class F: diabetic nephropathy |
2 (7.14%) |
Class R: proliferative retinopathy |
0 |
Class RF: Retinopathy and nephropathy |
0 |
Class H: ischemic heart disease |
0 |
Class T: prior kidney transplant |
0 |
*Values (categorical data) are given numbers (percentage).
Table 2: Classification of positive patients according to Priscilla White classification of DM during pregnancy
Demographic data |
Negative |
Positive |
p-value# |
Age (years)* Mean+SD |
30.58 + 4.8 |
31.86 + 5.11 |
0.248 |
Gestational age (weeks)* |
30.33 + 7.14 |
27.71 + 10. 11 |
0.148 |
Parity* |
2.44 + 1.71 |
3.21 + 1.89 |
0.053 |
BMI (kg/m2)* |
26.75 +3.25 |
30.85+2.52 |
0.00001 |
Duration of DM (years)* |
4.53 + 4.97 |
3.21+ 3.94 |
0.214 |
*Values (continuous quantitative data) are given as meanąSD, Range
KolmogorovSmirnov test was used to examine the normal data distributional characteristics of age, BMI, GA, parity and du- ration of diabetes of all study cases
#Unpaired t student test for normally distributed data
P value =0.05 is significant, NS= non-significant, HS= highly significant
Table 3: Comparison between two groups according to the demographic data
DM type |
Negative |
Positive |
Total |
P-value |
GDM |
28 (38.9%) |
16 (57.14%) |
44 |
0.254# NS |
T1DM |
8 (11.11%) |
2 (7.14%) |
10 |
|
T2DM |
36(50%) |
10 (35.71%) |
46 |
GDM =Gestational DM, T1DM = type 1 DM, T2DM = type 2 DM.
*Values (categorical data) are given numbers (percentage).
#the chi-square test was used
P value =0.05 is significant, NS= non-significant
Table 4: Comparison between two groups according to different types of DM
Duration of DM |
Negative |
Positive |
Total |
P-value |
< 5 years |
48 (66.7%) |
22 (78.6%) |
70 |
0.506# NS |
5-10 years |
16 (22.2%) |
4(14.3%) |
20 |
|
> 10 years |
8 (11.1%) |
2 (7.1 %) |
10 |
*Values (categorical data) are given numbers (percentage).
#the chi-square test was used
P value =0.05 is significant, NS= non-significant
Table 5: Comparison between two groups according to Duration of DM
Associated medical disease |
Negative |
Positive |
P-value |
Cardiac dis. |
1 (1.39%) |
3(10.7%) |
0.147 |
HTN |
10(13.9%) |
8 (28.6%) |
|
Thyroid dis. |
8 (11.1%) |
2 (7.14%) |
*Values (categorical data) are given numbers (percentage).
#the chi-square test was used
P value =0.05 is significant, NS= non-significant
Table 6: Comparison between two groups according to Associated medical diseases with pregnancy
Laboratory findings |
Negative (n=72) |
Positive (n=28) |
p-value# |
Hb (g/dl) |
10.65 + 0.96 |
10.84+1 |
0.371 |
Creat. Clearance (mlL/min) |
133.88 + 65.30 |
164+97.57 |
0.077 |
ALT(U/L) |
18.28 + 4.25 |
21.79+11.09 |
0.024* S |
AST(U/L) |
16.67+4.27 |
20.36+15.77 |
0.070 |
HbA1C (%) |
7.011+0.658 |
8.20+0.931 |
0.0001* HS |
FBS (mg/dL) |
177.5+41.49 |
167.14+46 |
0.278 |
PPBS (mg/dL) |
275.75+51.41 |
257.71+45.18 |
0.107 |
S. Creatinine (mg/dl) |
0.50+0.141 |
0.44+0.063 |
0.034* S |
S, Urea(mg/dl) |
15.56+5.63 |
14.93+4.90 |
0.606 |
*Values (continuous quantitative data) are given as meanąSD, Range. KolmogorovSmirnov test was used to examine the normal data distributional characteristics
#Unpaired t student test for normally distributed data
P value =0.05 is significant, NS= non-significant, HS= highly significant, S=significant
Table 7: Comparison between two groups according to Laboratory findings
24-hour Microalbumin |
Variables |
|
P |
r* |
|
0.032 |
0.215 |
Age |
0.000 |
0.617 |
BMI |
0.030 |
0.218 |
Parity |
*Spearman's non-parametric correlation coefficient
Table 8: Correlation between 24-hour Urinary albumin and the general demographic data of included women
Variables |
24-hour Albuminuria r* P |
Significance |
|
HBA1C |
0.447 |
0.000 |
Significant |
*Spearman's non-parametric correlation coefficient
Table 9: Correlation between 24- hour Albuminuria and HbA1C
|
24-hour Albuminuria |
Test value |
P-value# |
Sig. |
||
Mean±SD |
Range |
|||||
Antihypertensive Medications |
No |
59.4 ± 227.9 |
2.0 – 1480 |
0.109 |
0.914 |
NS |
Yes |
56.1 ± 69.1 |
12.0 – 215 |
||||
Low dose aspirin |
No |
74.7 ± 236.8 |
4.3 – 1480 |
2.432 |
0.017 |
S |
Yes |
8.4 ± 10.2 |
2– 31 |
*Values (continuous quantitative data) are given as meanąSD, Range.
#Unpaired t student test was used
P value =0.05 is significant, NS= non-significant, S=significant
Table 10: Relation between 24- hour Albuminuria and administration of low dose aspirin and Antihypertensive medications
Tables at a glance